Generally calm and student-friendly. Described as nice/helpful by students
Questioning style
Expects you to know and possibly modify your project code. May dig into database/models
Preparation tips
• She was nice and polite. Didn't expect the exact answer, atleast answer whatever you know regarding that .
• Both Proctors were calm. Sir had some voice issue, I had to repeatedly ask him to repeat questions.
• the proctor was really nice so if you got her as your proctor then its your lucky day
• She is sooo polite and nice. She gives you time to explain. She allows you to explain in hindi as well. You are really lucky if you get her as your proctor.
• Very nice proctor
• She was super chill. She'll give you enough time. You'll be lucky if you got her as your proctor.
• Remember to keep ID card with you. Checksum is not mandatory. Be polite.
• Just be ready with your id card, git hub page for showing collaborators, and downloading page of project from portal. Prepare this question along it you should know your project codes well.
• very calm and the bestest proctor u can get, she'll let u explain everything and be polite to her and see the viva rubriks before u submit ur project since i missed a partial feature in my project :(
• She's very sweet and patient, You're lucky if you get this proctor
I booked the 9pm slot on 6th dec
• Answer confidently and with composure, and make sure you know what is used for what purpose in the code. Use terms like ‘authorization,’ ‘ORM,’ etc, while explaining your code.
• Very sweet proctor, helping nature. If you get her you are very lucky.
• Proctor was really good and helpful. I was nervous before but got at peace as soon as viva started.
• She sounds like a chill person
My viva completed in 13 mins..
Just know your project...
• Overall very nice, the viva was over in about 10-15 mins, I joined 10 mins earlier would suggest the same, the proctor will join early too and you can start the viva and end it accordingly. They even gave feedback for the same.
• BE CHILL AND PLEASE PLEASE CHECK ALL THE VIVA QNS FROM THE FORMS, CAUSE THAT SAME ONLY THEY ASK
• You r a one lucky person if u get her she is very sweet,kind and helpful jus know your code well then u r good to go
• she was reallyy reallyyy sweet and helpedd where i got stuck. dont be nervous and be confident on what you know. level 1 viva usually gets over in not more than 20min. mine took 15min and it was over. if u r preparing at the end moment and u know literally nothing then just go through all the questions present in this sheet of that particular examiner and you will be good to go. (tried and tested method)
• She's the best, shes so polite and friendly, youre lucky if you are assigned to her. Chill , relax and learn whats shared in the sheet
• She is the sweetest
• understand your code
• stay calm, drink water, and explain everything clearly, she will let you explain everything without interrupting you
• she is very calm and it's okay to be little bit nervous
• LEVEL 1: Ma'am is the best person I could have got as an examiner. She was very patient and she was to the point. She did not waste any of my time and she was very polite and sweet. You're lucky if you get this proctor. Don't get tensed while explaining, that's it.
• Very patient proctor, but ensure you don't waste time during viva for setup and
Own your application, you should know where each logic is implemented/
Ensure your theoretical knowledge is good. They do not expect expert level programming from you, but only want you to at least confidently answer basic concepts which was taught as part of the MAD 1 course.
• The examiner was very patient, encouraging, and helpful, so being a little nervous is completely fine. My biggest suggestion is to make your project demo thorough and informative instead of simply opening each dashboard. Demonstrate the actual functionalities and explain what is happening while you use them. Rehearsing the demo beforehand can help you present it smoothly and use the demo itself to demonstrate that you understand your project.
Also, practice writing the basic Flask and Jinja syntax from scratch in Notepad or another plain-text editor, because the coding questions may be asked without VS Code autocomplete. Revise your frameworks, imports, templates, database models and relationships, primary vs. foreign keys, HTTP status codes, Flask routes, request, render_template, and basic Jinja loops/conditionals. Finally, definitely go through this crowdsourced viva spreadsheet and look up your proctor ID. In my experience, the previous reviews were extremely useful, and the general pattern of questions was quite similar to what earlier students had reported.
• Very chill and patient proctor , just be calm and answer
• she is so nice and she repeats the same set of questions everytime
• She is probably the best proctor you can get for level one viva thats
What I understood from the sheets.
She is super sweet and will help you throughout.
GOD IS WITH YOU DAWG
• The most polite and nicest proctor. She waits for you if there is any issue..explain or repeat yhe questions.there is viva.vault and in there all the questions..do practice them and you will pass
• just be confident, everthing will go smooth just relax.
best of luck..
Tips for this examiner: Just be confident about your project and go through the viva response spreadsheet.
She was very nice. My virtual environment was not getting installed and the entire viva took 50 mins, but she was very patient.
Student reviews
ashishMAD1
just be confident, everthing will go smooth just relax. best of luck..
Questions remembered
1.show id card
if you added mad1 as git collaborator or not show on github 3.download project file and start the application 4.login as admin and create a trek 5.register a staff approve him from admin dashboard, and assign the created trek to this staff and update the available slots from the staff dashboard 6.register and login as user and book the trek and update user profile 7.open code section and explain any route of your choice
what is orm and which orm you used.
write jinja loop for a list in which the marks should be greater than 40 10.write a route to fetch a user id from database.
KhushiMAD1
The most polite and nicest proctor. She waits for you if there is any issue..explain or repeat yhe questions.there is viva.vault and in there all the questions..do practice them and you will pass
Questions remembered
Download the app from portal
Run the app
Login as Admin
To show all the other core functionalities
Open you code and explain the architecture of you app
How does frontend and backend work
What framework you used
Write the <form>syntax
Write a route for returning username from form
Why do we use render_template as return statement of route
What is error code for database issue
Sheet responseMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: same questions which are in the form 1.what is session; how does backend talk to frontend 3.write for loop in jinja to show names form a list 4.write a route in flask for accepting name from a form
Questions remembered
same questions which are in the form 1.what is session
how does backend talk to frontend 3.write for loop in jinja to show names form a list 4.write a route in flask for accepting name from a form
AnonymousMAD1
She is probably the best proctor you can get for level one viva thats What I understood from the sheets. She is super sweet and will help you throughout. GOD IS WITH YOU DAWG
Questions remembered
So the first thing she told me was to show the id card PDF. I did
Next She asked me if I filled the GITHUB FORM. I said Yes and I showed my github collaborator page.
She gave me option to run checksum or download from the portal I did the later
I took some time to run virtual environment and download flask and sqlalchemy she was patient throughout
Okay now comes the demonstration, She will tell you what to do, you obey like a good boy/girl and explain as you go.
She told me to open my code, I did and the first question was
I can see you have imported sessions, what is sessions and why do we use it ?
She told me to open any template, and then she asked me how does backend communicate with the frontend ?
She asked what ORM am I using ?
If I get an error called "Internal Server Error" which code will it show ?
Then she said that theory questions are over now comes the coding questions and told me to open notepad in full screen.
Suppose there is a list called students, I want you to write a loop which shows the student names in order in frontend
Write a route which takes username as input from the forms and sends it back to the frontend
That was it.
nanditaMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: level1; - project; • show id card, asked if i've submitted github form and show the collaborator
Questions remembered
level1
- project
• show id card, asked if i've submitted github form and show the collaborator
• either download from the portal or do checksum
• showed my application and proctor told to first login as admin and create a trek
• then register as a staff and again login as admin to approve staff login and assign the new trek to that staff
• login as the staff and view the assigned trek and update the slots
• register and login as a user and book a trek, also update profile
- theory
• asked to show my code, then asked about session, flask SQLAlchemy orm, 301 code, template inheritance
- coding
• jinja for loop syntax (notepad)
• route for accepting name from a form (notepad)
kavyaMAD1
she is so nice and she repeats the same set of questions everytime
Questions remembered
• Demonstrate core functionalities of the project
• frameworks used
• url_for usage
• how does frontend and backend interact
• jinja for loop code in notepad
• route for taking id as input in notepad
Sheet responseMAD1
Very chill and patient proctor , just be calm and answer
Questions remembered
1.)demonstrate the project and asked for functionalities in between; 2.)show code - what does url_for do 3.) what is orm 4.) what are the frameworks used 5.) model py explain 2 tables and their relationship 6.)show any template - have u done template inheritance if so where ?
coding - write a simple for loop in jinja , 8) write a route to get username from a form
BAQARMAD1
The examiner was very patient, encouraging, and helpful, so being a little nervous is completely fine. My biggest suggestion is to make your project demo thorough and informative instead of simply opening each dashboard. Demonstrate the actual functionalities and explain what is happening while you use them. Rehearsing the demo beforehand can help you present it smoothly and use the demo itself to demonstrate that you understand your project.
Also, practice writing the basic Flask and Jinja syntax from scratch in Notepad or another plain-text editor, because the coding questions may be asked without VS Code autocomplete. Revise your frameworks, imports, templates, database models and relationships, primary vs. foreign keys, HTTP status codes, Flask routes, request, render_template, and basic Jinja loops/conditionals. Finally, definitely go through this crowdsourced viva spreadsheet and look up your proctor ID. In my experience, the previous reviews were extremely useful, and the general pattern of questions was quite similar to what earlier students had reported.
Questions remembered
Double click the cell to see full response. Questions Asked by the Examiner - My Experience The viva started with the examiner asking me to show my student ID card. She then asked whether I had filled the Git form, for which I opened my GitHub repository and showed that the required collaborator had been added. After that, she gave me the option to either perform the checksum verification or download the submitted project directly from the portal. I chose to download it from the portal, extracted it, ran the application, logged in as Admin, and demonstrated the project and its functionalities. After the demo, she moved to theory questions.
She asked me to open app.py and explain the frameworks/technologies used in the project. She then asked me to open one of my HTML templates and give an overview of it.
Next, she asked me to choose any two database tables and explain their relationship. I chose Trek and Booking and explained their relationship.
After which she asked me to explain the difference between a primary key and a foreign key.
She also asked what HTTP status code 303 means. I could not recall it during the viva, and she explained that it is associated with “See Other”/redirection. For the coding questions, she specifically asked me to open Notepad and write the code from scratch, so there was no VS Code autocomplete.
The first question was to write a Jinja for loop to display student names from a given list.
The second was a simple Flask route involving data received using request, for which I started writing the route and used request.form.get() and render_template(). Before I finished the complete code, she said that what I had written was sufficient and concluded the viva.
Sheet responseMAD1
Very patient proctor, but ensure you don't waste time during viva for setup and
Own your application, you should know where each logic is implemented/
Ensure your theoretical knowledge is good. They do not expect expert level programming from you, but only want you to at least confidently answer basic concepts which was taught as part of the MAD 1 course.
Questions remembered
Demonstrate the apps functionality, especially the various dashboards and bookings.
explain the db models and relationships
explain the frameworks used
write a route to accept input from a form and display a specific message
jinja syntax for loops
Sheet responseMAD1
LEVEL 1: Ma'am is the best person I could have got as an examiner. She was very patient and she was to the point. She did not waste any of my time and she was very polite and sweet. You're lucky if you get this proctor. Don't get tensed while explaining, that's it.
Questions remembered
LEVEL 1 VIVA:
-Login as admin and show the functionalities
-Create a staff profile (register as a staff member), and then login after admin approval
-Create a user profile, and show the features of the user
-What frameworks did you use in the project?
-How are you sending data from frontend to backend?
-Explain any two tables from your database and explain how they are related
-Write a simple for loop in Jinja.
-Write a Flask route which takes id as input from the url and search for that id in the database (I didn't have to finish this question, ma'am was satisfied when i wrote the first few lines)
I kept explaining everything in the demos, which might have been good to do.
Then ma'am said that my viva is over.
PratikMAD1
she is very calm and it's okay to be little bit nervous
Questions remembered
1 - ask for id card(don't forget to keep it ready)
2 - for git repo n collab, also asked whether i filled that git form or not
3 - download the zip file from the portal or do cheksum(u can do either one)
4 - ask to run it and login as admin, booking history,adding trek and ask to show search filter.
5 - register as staff n shown dashboard after accepting the staff request by the admin, staff dashboard,manage trek
6 - register as user(trekker),login,shown dashboard, ask for booking history.
Now question - what framework did i use,show any one of the template,asked whether i use jinja template or note(base.html),in model take any two table and explain it's relationship(i get it wrong she correct me too),function by which how admin can approve staff, which orm i used(i mistake it,she asked me again and i answer it )
Code - write in notepad, a route by which we can get the data from fronted to backened
write a code of button(i didn't understand it much so i write submit button,stopped in between and told that it was a different question i asked but it's okay you got the concept)
I might have missed/forget some question here but it's okay don't worry much
Manish KumarMAD1
stay calm, drink water, and explain everything clearly, she will let you explain everything without interrupting you
Questions remembered
she asked me first to do checksums or download the zipfile, and then told me demo my project starting from admin to staff and then to user, and then asked me 3 core functionality questions, and then she told me to open notepad and asked me to write a simple jinja for loop, and then asked me again to write a route that takes id as an input and passes it lt frontend
Vipul BhatiMAD1
understand your code
Questions remembered
1)demonstrate the project
2)the frameworks you used
3)what does part of used framework do
4)code a simple route that takes a value
Sheet responseMAD1
She is the sweetest
Questions remembered
What are the frameworks used
What's 302 error
Have you used template inheritance
What's session
Have you done frontend and backend validation
for loop syntax
how to create button in html
pass id as parameter and display it
What's request
Avra PaulMAD1
She's the best, shes so polite and friendly, youre lucky if you are assigned to her. Chill , relax and learn whats shared in the sheet
Questions remembered
Show and explain the code, explain the imports
frameworks used
how to send data from backend to frontend
write a route to return 4 square
write if statements in jinja template
Sheet responseMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Asked theory questions; 1.url_for,session in Flask since I used them; 2.backend and frontend validation
Questions remembered
Asked theory questions
1.url_for,session in Flask since I used them
2.backend and frontend validation
Code changes
App route with parameters
Background change
akiraMAD1
she was reallyy reallyyy sweet and helpedd where i got stuck. dont be nervous and be confident on what you know. level 1 viva usually gets over in not more than 20min. mine took 15min and it was over. if u r preparing at the end moment and u know literally nothing then just go through all the questions present in this sheet of that particular examiner and you will be good to go. (tried and tested method)
Questions remembered
be ready with your student ID card, oppe like setup and open the github and show u have added them as collaborator or not.
downloaded the proj from portal and opened in vs code
theory questions: what all frameworks have you used to make the project
the first line of the code in app.py you have imported lot of things, what do u mean by request. (they can ask about other imported items as well so learn all)
have you used template inheritance
what is the code of internal server error?? (answer 500)
open notepad and create a list (simply l= [1,2,3,4,5] ) and write the api route to display this list....first ask her do we need to also write the imports she'll say no and then ask get and post request also or just simple so shell say simple answer: @app.route('/display') def show(): return render_template('num.html" , 'l'); and then when we write the html file so there we will pass the list as : {{l}
how do you connect the backend to frontend? i didnt quite get this answer but i just said render_template and she said fine then these were the theory questions she appreciated and told to run the code and login as the admin....i asked do we need to delete the pre created database she said no.
after logging in as admin she asked, can admin search the particular student and company? my app didnt had that feature so i said no i forgot to do that
then she asked to login as a company and create a drive
register as a student and apply to the drive. can a student apply to the same drive twice? (when a student has already applied so it should show a prompt as in already applied or something relative)
thats all. she was reallyy reallyyy sweet and helpedd where i got stuck. dont be nervous and be confident on what you know
MeetMAD1
You r a one lucky person if u get her she is very sweet,kind and helpful jus know your code well then u r good to go
Questions remembered
1.Download your project
2.explain request ? why have you used it
3. how do we pass data from frontend to backend and vice versa
4.checked the duplicate applications
5.show the admin dashboard
6.company dashboard
7. can students edit profile?
8.what is ORM?
Basically she checks all core functionalities
CODE QUESTIONS:
write the syntax for a route returning hello world
write for loop in jinja
THATS IT!
DhruvMAD1
BE CHILL AND PLEASE PLEASE CHECK ALL THE VIVA QNS FROM THE FORMS, CAUSE THAT SAME ONLY THEY ASK
Questions remembered
VIVA - 1 (EASY PROCTOR)
* TOLD TO SIT IN A OPEEE FASHION
* SHE ASKED TO SHOW THE DEMO - TOOK 8 mins
* SHE THEN ASKED TO OPEN APP.PY AND TELL ALL THE IMPORTS IN YOUR APP.PY LIKE WHAT DOES IMPORT OS DO?
* THEN SHE SAID TO OPEN NOTEPAD AND SAID TO WRITE A ROUTE FOR PRINTING A LIST = [1,2,3,4,5] WITH RENDER_TEMPLATE
* THEN ASKED TO DO JINJA2 IF STATEMENT
* THEN ASKED ABOUT ERROR CODES - WHAT DOES 500 ERROR CODE MEANS?
* VIVA DONE IN 16 MINS
NVMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Either download the file in front of them, or do checksum.; Explain what frameworks you have used; show all the imported module in the controller and tell what request used for
Questions remembered
Either download the file in front of them, or do checksum.
Explain what frameworks you have used
show all the imported module in the controller and tell what request used for
Order of CSS Priority
Are you using template inheritance and where
How can we use a for loop in jinja
then when all the questions were complete she asked to give the demo and checked all the core functionality of the project
Sheet responseMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: level-1; 1.show the model; 2.why import request, render_template()
Questions remembered
level-1
1.show the model
2.why import request, render_template()
3.Internal server error code
4.open one of the template and have you used template inheritance
5.priority of css
6.write the form, for loop in notepad
7.write the syntax to add id in student table in notepad
8.how to send data from backend to frontend
9.Have you used orm? which orm is used?
10.Checked the core functionality of the app by demo
Sheet responseMAD1
Overall very nice, the viva was over in about 10-15 mins, I joined 10 mins earlier would suggest the same, the proctor will join early too and you can start the viva and end it accordingly. They even gave feedback for the same.
Questions remembered
Either download the file in front of them, or do checksum.
Give the demo. After which they will ask you to switch to your code.
Explain what frameworks you have used.
Open routes and explain the what 'url_for' is imported and used for. (basically can ask for any import command)
Write/Share syntax for a route.
How can we use a for loop in jinja
Are you using template inheritance
Order of CSS Priority
NAMAD1
She sounds like a chill person My viva completed in 13 mins.. Just know your project...
Questions remembered
Asked to show the id card
Then asked to show the GitHub collabrator
*Asked to do the checksum
*I then ran the project
*She just asked me to show the core functionalities,not everything
*She just checked the main functionalities of admin, student and company dashboards
*Asked about types of css like inline,internal,external
*Asked to show the models and controllers code
*Open notepad and write a for loop in jinja
*A route returning hello world
Sheet responseMAD1
Proctor was really good and helpful. I was nervous before but got at peace as soon as viva started.
Questions remembered
• Asked for a demo (she gave me intructions what to do and i followed them)
• Asked me to show the main file
• Asked me to show where i have done the imports
• Asked me about sessions
• Asked me about CSS priority
• Asked me about what frameworks i have used
• Asked me about some error codes which i couldn't answer
• Asked me to write a route to display my name
Sheet responseMAD1
Very sweet proctor, helping nature. If you get her you are very lucky.
Questions remembered
Show me the main python file
Show me where you have created database file
Show me your templates and route
What techstack you are using
Run the application and show the features
Question on routes. In them basically the imports and why i imported them.
Questions on templates
Question on css and order in which they are implementing
Template inheritance
Write code for writing a route which renders your name.
Priyadarshini NegiMAD1
Answer confidently and with composure, and make sure you know what is used for what purpose in the code. Use terms like ‘authorization,’ ‘ORM,’ etc, while explaining your code.
Questions remembered
She didn’t ask for the checksum because I downloaded the project folder in front of her from the Viva portal.
She asked me to show all the core functionalities (basically a walkthrough of the project, like you did in the submitted video).
What tech stack/frameworks have been used, and for what purpose?
She asked for an explanation of how the project has been organized
How does the frontend connect to the backend?
What is SQLAlchemy?
She asked me to point out where each piece of code is located.
For what purpose has datetime been used?
A walkthrough of the code logic showing how the doctor can enter the patient’s treatment details.
Ridhi SehgalMAD1
She's very sweet and patient, You're lucky if you get this proctor I booked the 9pm slot on 6th dec
Questions remembered
LEVEL 1 VIVA
She was very sweet
Firstly, she asked me to share my screen and show the github repo - collaborators
Then, she asked me to download my submission from portal and demonstrate my project
which frameworks did you use
how are you separating the user, admin, and doctors in models code
Show me any one of the templates, Point out any line where you have used jinja
Did you use template inheritance?
tell me how you're passing the data from the front end to the back end
tell me the order of execution of CSS styles
asked me to simply write the syntax of if loop of jinja {%if%} {%else%} {%endif%} That's all
Sheet responseMAD1
very calm and the bestest proctor u can get, she'll let u explain everything and be polite to her and see the viva rubriks before u submit ur project since i missed a partial feature in my project :(
Questions remembered
followed the exact same pattern from viva rubrics
then asked theory questions:
1.what are the frameworks used
2.how are you separating the user, admin, and doctors in models code
3.point out where you have done the initialization for flask
4.point out where you have used or initialized the database
5.Show me any one of the templates, Point out any line where you have used jinja
6.Are you using template inheritance
7.tell me how you're passing the data from the front end to the back end or vice versa
8.do you know about ORM
9.tell me the order of execution of CSS styles
10.tell me amongst the frameworks or modules that you have imported, which was the first one you used when you set up your application
R priyadharshniMAD1
Just be ready with your id card, git hub page for showing collaborators, and downloading page of project from portal. Prepare this question along it you should know your project codes well.
Questions remembered
1)ORM 2)explain the models and routes 3)jinja template inheritance use
explain database schema 5)what are frameworks used 6)where sqlalchemy is implemented. 7)how connections are made from frontend to backend. 8)execute the CRUD operation at admin side.
reserve slot and cancel it.
show graph representation of admin side. 11)show users management.
AhanaMAD1
Remember to keep ID card with you. Checksum is not mandatory. Be polite.
Questions remembered
1.Full code demo
Routes functions
What is ORM ?
Timestamp calculation
Jinja template usage, how to write for loop in Jinja
Purpose of redirect
Questions based on your code ..
Somsankar ChakrabortyMAD1
She was super chill. She'll give you enough time. You'll be lucky if you got her as your proctor.
Questions remembered
ID card and Git collaborator
Project demo (downloading from portal)
Asked what frameworks i have used
Ask me to explain any one route
Asked me to show some particular templates
She asked me whether I have used Jinja2 engine and template inheritance
How is the data getting transferred from backend to frontend
Explain any two tables, how are they connecting (I showed parking lot and parking spot tables and explained the primary key and foreign key relationship between them)
Types of CSS and explain
ORM
AkMAD1
Very nice proctor
Questions remembered
Show collabrator in git
Demo
Are you using validation
Write jinja conditional statements
Explain me route where you update number of spots
Where you initiate db
How you initiate db
Kya karoge jankeMAD1
She is sooo polite and nice. She gives you time to explain. She allows you to explain in hindi as well. You are really lucky if you get her as your proctor.
Questions remembered
Show id card
Download the zip file from portal / Do check sum
run the app
project demo, any extra features
which framework used?
Show any template file, how are you transferring data from backend to frontend
what do get_or_404 do?
where you used redirect(), session, and flash (i have used flash so she asked)
what is the first framework you used when you started the project (I said The first file i created was base.html , she stopped me and said "Right, that was the answer I wanted")
Did i use template inheritance, and where?
Sheet responseMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Level1_93 ( viva 1); Very Sped up viva; Shower id,GitHub
Questions remembered
Level1_93 ( viva 1)
Very Sped up viva
Shower id,GitHub
Downloaded project
Login in admin
Asked to create a lot and incr/decr lots
Then delete that lot
Show registered users
Show summary tab
Create user
Reserve a spot, occupy it, release it, show the time stamps in the summary
Demo done
Asked what framwork i have used
How I have implemented user and admin
Explain relationship between tables( i opened the report where I had table diagrams and explained it)
She asked about the AI usage
Then in templates she asked where have you used jinja
How is the data getting transferred from backend to frontend
Asked if I have frontend and backend validation for which I said 'no but I may do it later'
SkMAD1
the proctor was really nice so if you got her as your proctor then its your lucky day
Questions remembered
First the demo
what is ORM
what is jinja templets
how you handle user and admin access
Explain one of your routing how its work
Sheet responseMAD1
Both Proctors were calm. Sir had some voice issue, I had to repeatedly ask him to repeat questions.
Questions remembered
Project: Vehicle Parking
level1: Maam didn't ask much. told to go through the project like giving demo.
Q: Backref, Lazy
Q: Orm
Q: explain any one route
Level2:
After demonstration and coding questions he told to stop sharing and started asking questions.
What ever is present already in this sheet he asked all of that so study that thoroughly.
Nothing new was asked he takes time in asking questions and tells to explain models.
Coding Questions:
Q: Give 20% discount to all lots
Q: On hover submit button should change red
PankhuriMAD1
She was nice and polite. Didn't expect the exact answer, atleast answer whatever you know regarding that .
Questions remembered
Asked for a complete demo (asked me to delete spot , show booking summaries and such functionalities -she wanted me to explain and show them with the result) 2.she asked me what are the frameworks I've used and where and for what
She asked me to shows routes in my code and what for that particular router has been used. 4.Show and explain any two tables (I showed parking lot and parkit spot tables and explained the primary key and foreign key relationship between them). 5.asked me to show certain templates 6.She asked me whether I have used any template inheritance.
Asked me to download the submission from portal and start
Times asked2
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5
CORS - frontend and backend link
Times asked1
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6
Meaning of 302 status code - Redirection
Times asked1
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7
What frameworks have i used
Times asked2
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8
Where have you incorporated redis - app.py
Times asked2
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9
Write a function in js that takes 2 numbers and shows their sum
Times asked2
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10
How to add a new column in SQL Database (models.py) -- She made me write the code to make a new column - email = db.Column( db.String, unique = True, nullable = False) Then she asked me to demonstrate my project SHE IS SO CALM AND PATIENT ✨ I LOVED HER VIBE!
Times asked1
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Advice: THAT'S IT
SHE IS THE SWEETEST PROCTOR ANYONE CAN GETTTT
FEEL LUCKY IF YOU GET HER AS YOUR PROCTOR 💗🤗
Explain a Vue file and show how the frontend sends data to the backend for processing.
Times asked1
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3
What is the status code for an Internal Server Error? ### Coding Questions
Times asked2
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4
Write a Flask route that takes an ID as an input parameter and displays it on the frontend.
Times asked1
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Write JavaScript code to return the square of 16. ### Overall Experience The viva mainly focused on: * Project understanding * Frontend-to-backend communication * Basic Vue and Flask concepts * Simple coding questions
She asked for a detailed demo to check most of the functions. And a few more basic questions -
Times asked2
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2
what is celery? Where is it implemented
Times asked2
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3
jwt token
Times asked2
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4
v-if vs v-show
Times asked3
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5
what is DOM?
Times asked2
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how to write the backend function to print Hello world (just narrate the code, not write). She asked 2/3 more similar questions.
Times asked2
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Advice: Just be confident about your project and go through the viva response spreadsheet.
She was very nice. My virtual environment was not getting installed and the entire viva took 50 mins, but she was very patient.
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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Advice: The most polite and nicest proctor. She waits for you if there is any issue..explain or repeat yhe questions.there is viva.vault and in there all the questions..do practice them and you will pass
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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7
She asked what ORM am I using ?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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8
If I get an error called "Internal Server Error" which code will it show ?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleInt column mein string daalne pe SQLAlchemy/DB type error ya Integrity/StatementError. Empty table pe bhi same validation fail — row count matter nahi.
Example
# SQLite may coerce sometimes; Postgres: invalid input syntax for integer
Spot(status='free', lot_id='abc') # lot_id int → error
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9
Suppose there is a list called students, I want you to write a loop which shows the student names in order in frontend
Times asked1
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SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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10
Write a route which takes username as input from the forms and sends it back to the frontend
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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Advice: She is probably the best proctor you can get for level one viva thats
What I understood from the sheets.
She is super sweet and will help you throughout.
GOD IS WITH YOU DAWG
The second was a simple Flask route involving data received using request, for which I started writing the route and used request.form.get() and render_template(). Before I finished the complete code, she said that what I had written was sufficient and concluded the viva.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplerender_template Jinja HTML file ko data deke final HTML banata hai.
Advice: The examiner was very patient, encouraging, and helpful, so being a little nervous is completely fine. My biggest suggestion is to make your project demo thorough and informative instead of simply opening each dashboard. Demonstrate the actual functionalities and explain what is happening while you use them. Rehearsing the demo beforehand can help you present it smoothly and use the demo itself to demonstrate that you understand your project.
Also, practice writing the basic Flask and Jinja syntax from scratch in Notepad or another plain-text editor, because the coding questions may be asked without VS Code autocomplete. Revise your frameworks, imports, templates, database models and relationships, primary vs. foreign keys, HTTP status codes, Flask routes, request, render_template, and basic Jinja loops/conditionals. Finally, definitely go through this crowdsourced viva spreadsheet and look up your proctor ID. In my experience, the previous reviews were extremely useful, and the general pattern of questions was quite similar to what earlier students had reported.
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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5
jinja syntax for loops
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja for loop list render karta hai. loop.index, else branch empty list pe.
Example
{% for u in users %}
<tr><td>{{ loop.index }}</td><td>{{ u.email }}</td></tr>
{% endfor %}
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Advice: Very patient proctor, but ensure you don't waste time during viva for setup and
Own your application, you should know where each logic is implemented/
Ensure your theoretical knowledge is good. They do not expect expert level programming from you, but only want you to at least confidently answer basic concepts which was taught as part of the MAD 1 course.
-Write a Flask route which takes id as input from the url and search for that id in the database (I didn't have to finish this question, ma'am was satisfied when i wrote the first few lines)
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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Advice: LEVEL 1: Ma'am is the best person I could have got as an examiner. She was very patient and she was to the point. She did not waste any of my time and she was very polite and sweet. You're lucky if you get this proctor. Don't get tensed while explaining, that's it.
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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7
write a code of button(i didn't understand it much so i write submit button,stopped in between and told that it was a different question i asked but it's okay you got the concept)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
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8
I might have missed/forget some question here but it's okay don't worry much
if not email or '@' not in email:
flash('Invalid email')
return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
flash('Email taken')
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4
for loop syntax
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
downloaded the proj from portal and opened in vs code
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
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2
the first line of the code in app.py you have imported lot of things, what do u mean by request. (they can ask about other imported items as well so learn all)
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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3
what is the code of internal server error?? (answer 500)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleInt column mein string daalne pe SQLAlchemy/DB type error ya Integrity/StatementError. Empty table pe bhi same validation fail — row count matter nahi.
Example
# SQLite may coerce sometimes; Postgres: invalid input syntax for integer
Spot(status='free', lot_id='abc') # lot_id int → error
Viva tipResponsive: Bootstrap grid / media queries. Bina CSS possible nahi really — browser default ugly. Flexbox 1D, Grid 2D.
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open notepad and create a list (simply l= [1,2,3,4,5] ) and write the api route to display this list....first ask her do we need to also write the imports she'll say no and then ask get and post request also or just simple so shell say simple answer: @app.route('/display') def show(): return render_template('num.html" , 'l'); and then when we write the html file so there we will pass the list as : {{l}
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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6
after logging in as admin she asked, can admin search the particular student and company? my app didnt had that feature so i said no i forgot to do that
then she asked to login as a company and create a drive
Times asked1
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SimpleCRUD = Create Read Update Delete. Admin pe ek resource ke 4 ops dikhao.
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8
register as a student and apply to the drive. can a student apply to the same drive twice? (when a student has already applied so it should show a prompt as in already applied or something relative)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
thats all. she was reallyy reallyyy sweet and helpedd where i got stuck. dont be nervous and be confident on what you know
Times asked1
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SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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Advice: she was reallyy reallyyy sweet and helpedd where i got stuck. dont be nervous and be confident on what you know. level 1 viva usually gets over in not more than 20min. mine took 15min and it was over. if u r preparing at the end moment and u know literally nothing then just go through all the questions present in this sheet of that particular examiner and you will be good to go. (tried and tested method)
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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2
2.why import request, render_template()
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplerender_template Jinja HTML file ko data deke final HTML banata hai.
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
return jsonify(ok=True)
@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
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4
How can we use a for loop in jinja
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja for loop list render karta hai. loop.index, else branch empty list pe.
Example
{% for u in users %}
<tr><td>{{ loop.index }}</td><td>{{ u.email }}</td></tr>
{% endfor %}
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Advice: Overall very nice, the viva was over in about 10-15 mins, I joined 10 mins earlier would suggest the same, the proctor will join early too and you can start the viva and end it accordingly. They even gave feedback for the same.
Advice: Answer confidently and with composure, and make sure you know what is used for what purpose in the code. Use terms like ‘authorization,’ ‘ORM,’ etc, while explaining your code.
2.how are you separating the user, admin, and doctors in models code
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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4
3.point out where you have done the initialization for flask
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.
Advice: very calm and the bestest proctor u can get, she'll let u explain everything and be polite to her and see the viva rubriks before u submit ur project since i missed a partial feature in my project :(
Advice: Just be ready with your id card, git hub page for showing collaborators, and downloading page of project from portal. Prepare this question along it you should know your project codes well.
if not email or '@' not in email:
flash('Invalid email')
return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
flash('Email taken')
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3
Write jinja conditional statements
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
{% for lot in lots %}
<li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
<p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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7
what is the first framework you used when you started the project (I said The first file i created was base.html , she stopped me and said "Right, that was the answer I wanted")
Advice: She is sooo polite and nice. She gives you time to explain. She allows you to explain in hindi as well. You are really lucky if you get her as your proctor.
Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
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4
Downloaded project
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
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5
Login in admin
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLogin flow pehle poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", token milne ke baad har API pe wohi proof dikhate ho.
Authentication step: Vue form email + password JSON POST karta hai. Flask user dhoondhta hai, check_password_hash se prove karta hai ki tum genuine ho. Galat 401. Sahi pe JWT + role milta hai — yeh session/token hai.
Vue localStorage (ya cookie) mein token rakhta hai, dashboard pe router.push. Aage ki har fetch header: Authorization: Bearer <token>. @jwt_required identity check (authentication). @roles_required('admin') permission check (authorization) — logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi to 403.
Validation alag cheez hai: empty email, password 8+ — form sahi bhara hai ya nahi. Woh identity prove nahi karta.
Logout = client token delete + login page. Server blacklist optional. Password response JSON mein kabhi mat bhejo.
Example
# Authentication
@app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
u = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
if not u or not check_password_hash(u.password, data['password']):
return jsonify(msg='bad'), 401
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(u.id), role=u.role)
# baad ki APIs
# Authorization: Bearer <token>
if current_user.role != 'admin':
abort(403)
Project example: Login.vue POST /api/login → token LS → interceptor. Student token se admin route = 403. Empty form = validation, galat password = 401.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein password body dikhega localhost pe — prod HTTPS. Response mein hash/password echo mat karo.
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6
Asked to create a lot and incr/decr lots
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Yeh feature demo hai. Account ready rakho, steps bol ke dikhao.
Role ke hisaab login → action (create/approve/book) → DB/UI pe result → edge case (fail when slots=0 / blacklisted).
Do browser windows: admin + user. Search/filter alag se dikhao.
Agar feature nahi hai to sach bolo aur 2 minute mein kaise add karoge (query + template) explain karo.
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8
Show registered users
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
if not email or '@' not in email:
flash('Invalid email')
return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
flash('Email taken')
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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9
Nothing new was asked he takes time in asking questions and tells to explain models.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.
created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.
Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: requirements.txt + package.json top 6 open karke bolo.
Viva tipHar lib ek line why: CORS alag origin, Redis tez, Celery async, Chart.js dashboard.
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7
Where have you incorporated redis - app.py
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.
Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.
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8
Write a function in js that takes 2 numbers and shows their sum
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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2
What is the status code for an Internal Server Error? ### Coding Questions
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.
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3
Write JavaScript code to return the square of 16. ### Overall Experience The viva mainly focused on: * Project understanding * Frontend-to-backend communication * Basic Vue and Flask concepts * Simple coding questions
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.
1) Data chahiye to models.py mein column/relationship + DB update (ALTER / migrate / create_all).
2) Route: GET pe form/page, POST pe request.form se save, flash + redirect.
3) Template: input name=... Jinja se {{ obj.field }} display.
4) Rule: duplicate, range, role check backend pe.
SimpleLogin flow pehle poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", token milne ke baad har API pe wohi proof dikhate ho.
Authentication step: Vue form email + password JSON POST karta hai. Flask user dhoondhta hai, check_password_hash se prove karta hai ki tum genuine ho. Galat 401. Sahi pe JWT + role milta hai — yeh session/token hai.
Vue localStorage (ya cookie) mein token rakhta hai, dashboard pe router.push. Aage ki har fetch header: Authorization: Bearer <token>. @jwt_required identity check (authentication). @roles_required('admin') permission check (authorization) — logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi to 403.
Validation alag cheez hai: empty email, password 8+ — form sahi bhara hai ya nahi. Woh identity prove nahi karta.
Logout = client token delete + login page. Server blacklist optional. Password response JSON mein kabhi mat bhejo.
Example
# Authentication
@app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
u = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
if not u or not check_password_hash(u.password, data['password']):
return jsonify(msg='bad'), 401
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(u.id), role=u.role)
# baad ki APIs
# Authorization: Bearer <token>
if current_user.role != 'admin':
abort(403)
Project example: Login.vue POST /api/login → token LS → interceptor. Student token se admin route = 403. Empty form = validation, galat password = 401.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein password body dikhega localhost pe — prod HTTPS. Response mein hash/password echo mat karo.
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3.Login as user and check wheather the user can export the CSV file or not
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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id, github collab, downloaded from portal
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
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show where you used redis
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.
Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.
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show any route
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleRoute URL ko Python function se map karta hai. Decorator @app.route ya blueprint.route.
flask shell
>>> from models import User
>>> User.query.count()
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show models code
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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what orm u used
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.
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what is DOM?
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleDOM = Document Object Model — HTML ka tree jo browser memory mein banata hai. JS isi ko change karta hai.
document.getElementById('btn').style.color = 'red'
Jinja server pe HTML banata hai, phir browser DOM parse karta hai. Vue DOM ko reactive update karta hai.
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how to write the backend function to print Hello world (just narrate the code, not write). She asked 2/3 more similar questions.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
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Advice: Just be confident about your project and go through the viva response spreadsheet.
She was very nice. My virtual environment was not getting installed and the entire viva took 50 mins, but she was very patient.
Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.
Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.
Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.
Repo → Settings → Collaborators → instructor added.
Commits: git log / GitHub History — regular commits better, ek dum 1 commit suspicious.
README + report mein AI usage likha hona chahiye agar use kiya.
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3
Download the project from the Viva Portal or perform checksum.
Times asked5
Official solution
SimpleChecksum file ka hash (jaise SHA256) — file change hui ya nahi verify.
Portal pe submitted ZIP ka checksum diya hota hai. Local file ka hash nikaalo, match hona chahiye.
Linux: sha256sum project.zip
Mismatch = galat file / corrupt download. Examiner integrity check karta hai ki tumhari submitted copy hi run ho rahi hai.
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Run the application.
Times asked8
Official solution
SimpleExaminer submitted ZIP chahta hai, local extra changes nahi.
Portal se ZIP download → extract → venv → pip install -r requirements.txt → flask run / python app.py.
Checksum maange to hash match karke dikhao. Camera/OPPE setup unke instructions.
Linux/Mac: paths, gunicorn; Windows paths alag ho to relative paths use karo.
Do browsers: admin + user parallel demo impressive lagta hai.
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5
Demonstrate the complete application.
Times asked33
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
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Show all core functionalities.
Times asked5
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
REST mapping: POST create, GET read, PUT/PATCH update, DELETE delete.
Admin panel mein yeh 4 dikhana viva demo ka common task hai.
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9
Show booking history, summary/dashboard, search, profile update, approval flow, etc.
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh feature demo hai. Account ready rakho, steps bol ke dikhao.
Role ke hisaab login → action (create/approve/book) → DB/UI pe result → edge case (fail when slots=0 / blacklisted).
Do browser windows: admin + user. Search/filter alag se dikhao.
Agar feature nahi hai to sach bolo aur 2 minute mein kaise add karoge (query + template) explain karo.
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10
Explain any extra features.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
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11
Explain booking/timestamp calculations.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
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12
Explain how treatment details or other project-specific workflows are implemented.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
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13
Demonstrate duplicate application prevention.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDuplicate/overbook rokne ke liye DB constraint + route check dono.
Pehle query: Booking.query.filter_by(user_id=uid, trek_id=tid).first()
Agar exists: flash('Already booked'); return
Slots: if trek.available <= 0: reject else trek.available -= 1; commit
Race condition: unique(user_id, trek_id) constraint — do tabs se double click pe bhi ek hi row.
Blacklist: login pe is_blacklisted check.
Active drive limit: if Company ke paas status=open drive hai to naya mat banne do.
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14
Explain the project organization/architecture.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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16
Show where the database is initialized.
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh feature demo hai. Account ready rakho, steps bol ke dikhao.
Role ke hisaab login → action (create/approve/book) → DB/UI pe result → edge case (fail when slots=0 / blacklisted).
Do browser windows: admin + user. Search/filter alag se dikhao.
Agar feature nahi hai to sach bolo aur 2 minute mein kaise add karoge (query + template) explain karo.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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19
Explain imported modules and why they are used (e.g., request, url_for, session, flash, redirect).
Times asked1
Official solution
Simpleurl_for sirf URL string banata hai, redirect us URL pe browser ko bhejta hai.
url_for('home') → '/home' (function name se URL nikalta hai)
redirect(url_for('home')) → browser ko /home pe le jaata hai
Example
return redirect(url_for('dashboard')) # sahi
return redirect('/dashboard') # hardcode, route change pe toot jaayega
Agar redirect se url_for hata do to khud path string dena padega: redirect('/dashboard').
Agar url_for('home') ko url_for('home_page') kar do aur home_page naam ka function nahi hai to BuildError aayega.
url_for ko function ka naam chahiye, URL path nahi.
SimpleFlask session request-across data store karta hai, generally signed cookie mein.
Type: dictionary-like (SecureCookieSession). SECRET_KEY se sign — tamper detect.
Store kahan: default client cookie. Server-side Redis/filesystem bhi laga sakte ho.
Browser storage: cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage. Session cookie tab-close pe jaa sakti hai.
Remember-me: permanent session ya alag token cookie.
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20
Explain where SQLAlchemy is initialized.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleSQLAlchemy Python ka sabse popular ORM hai. MAD1 mein Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper use hota hai.
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
class Book(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
Operations: db.session.add(obj), .commit(), .delete(obj), Model.query.all(), .filter_by(), .get_or_404(id).
db.Model ek class hai (function nahi). db object engine + session + metadata hold karta hai.
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False extra signals band karta hai, performance warning hatati hai.
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21
Explain where Flask is initialized.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
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22
Explain code logic for a project-specific feature.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
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23
What is ORM / SQLAlchemy?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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24
Explain database schema.
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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25
Explain any two database tables.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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26
Explain relationships between tables.
Times asked3
Official solution
SimpleRelationships tables ko jodti hain taaki related data object se mil jaaye.
One-to-Many: User → kai Posts. posts = relationship('Post', backref='author'). FK post.user_id.
One-to-One: User → Profile. uselist=False + unique FK. Profile.user_id unique.
Many-to-Many: Student ↔ Drive. Junction/secondary table (student_id, drive_id).
Example 1-1:
class Profile(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), unique=True)
user = db.relationship('User', back_populates='profile', uselist=False)
1-M ko 1-1: child FK pe unique=True + uselist=False.
Parent-child: parent PK, child FK. Junction table extra columns bhi rakh sakti hai (applied_on).
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27
Explain Primary Key and Foreign Key.
Times asked3
Official solution
SimplePrimary Key row ki unique ID hai, Foreign Key doosri table ki Primary Key ko point karti hai.
Primary Key: unique + not null. Har table mein hota hai. Example: user.id = 5
Foreign Key: relationship banati hai. post.user_id = 5 matlab yeh post user 5 ki hai.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
class Post(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
FK Primary Key bhi ho sakti hai (1-to-1 profile table). FK unique ho to One-to-One, nahi to One-to-Many.
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28
Explain backref.
Times asked5
Official solution
Simplebackref relationship ki reverse side automatically bana deta hai.
class Post(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user = db.relationship('User', backref='posts')
Ab post.user milta hai, aur user.posts bhi — Post model pe sirf ek line.
secondary Many-to-Many junction table ke liye: relationship(..., secondary=likes_table, backref='liked_by').
Explicit chahiye to back_populates use karo.
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29
Explain lazy loading.
Times asked3
Official solution
Simplelazy loading related objects tab load karta hai jab attribute access karte ho, pehle nahi.
user = User.query.get(1) # posts query nahi
user.posts # ab query
lazy=True / 'select' default. lazy='joined' eager join. lazy='dynamic' query object.
uselist=False One-to-One (single object, list nahi). Hataoge to list mil sakti hai.
Frontend lazy loading images alag cheez hai (viewport mein aaye tab load).
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30
What frameworks/technologies did you use?
Times asked1
Official solution
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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31
Explain any template.
Times asked1
Official solution
Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.
1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
3) DB pe kya query/write?
4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?
Example
@app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.
Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.
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32
Where have you used Jinja?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine hai. HTML ke andar Python-jaisa data print/loop/if kar sakte ho.
Bina Jinja har user ke liye alag HTML file. Jinja se ek template + data.
{{ user.name }} print, {% for x in items %} loop, {% if %} condition, {% extends %} layout.
Example routereturn render_template('dash.html', treks=treks)
dash.html: {% for t in treks %}<li>{{ t.name }}</li>{% endfor %}
HTML files templates/ folder mein isliye kyunki Flask default wahan dhundhta hai. render_template Jinja ko run karta hai.
Boolean Jinja handle karta hai: {% if user.is_admin %}.
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33
Have you used Template Inheritance? Where?
Times asked1
Official solution
Simpleextends poora layout inherit karta hai, include chhota piece insert karta hai.
extends: child page base.html ka structure use karti hai, blocks override karti hai. Ek hi parent.
include: navbar.html / footer.html jahan chaho insert. Kai baar use ho sakta hai.
base.html:
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
home.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}<h1>Home</h1>{% endblock %}
{% include 'navbar.html' %} → navbar har page pe
Fayda: header/footer ek jagah, change once — saari pages update. MAD1 mein almost har project use karta hai.
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34
Explain get_or_404().
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleStatus code number batata hai request ka result.
200 OK — success, page/data mil gaya.
201 Created — POST se naya resource.
302/303 Found/See Other — redirect (login ke baad).
304 Not Modified — cache use karo.
400 Bad Request — galat input.
401 Unauthorized — login nahi (ironically authentication missing).
403 Forbidden — login hai, permission nahi.
404 Not Found — route/record nahi.
500 Internal Server Error — server crash (DB error, NoneType). debug=True pe traceback.
501 Not Implemented — method server nahi sambhalta.
abort(404) Flask mein. get_or_404(id) record na ho to 404.
User ID GET pe exist na kare to 404 return karo, 500 nahi.
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35
Explain redirect().
Times asked2
Official solution
Simpleredirect browser ko naya URL pe GET karne ko kehta hai (generally 302).
return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
Login/register/delete ke baad use karo taaki refresh duplicate POST na kare.
Doosra page dikhana hai with new request — redirect. Same request pe HTML — render_template.
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36
Explain session.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleFlask session request-across data store karta hai, generally signed cookie mein.
Parameter: endpoint ka naam (function name), plus route variables.
Galat naam: BuildError. Route rename karo to url_for automatic naya path dega — yahi fayda hai.
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39
Why do we use render_template()?
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplerender_template HTML file ko Jinja se process karke browser ko bhejta hai. Backend data ko frontend se jodta hai.
File templates/dashboard.html honi chahiye.
Keyword arguments template mein variables ban jaate hain: {{ user.name }}.
Route kuch return na kare to Flask error. Boolean return typical HTML view ke liye nahi — string/Response chahiye.
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40
How does data move from frontend to backend?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleFrontend user jo dekhta/click karta hai, Backend server logic + database.
Frontend: HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Jinja templates, thoda JS. Browser pe chalta hai.
Backend: Flask routes, SQLAlchemy, session, validation. Python server pe.
Data flow: form POST → Flask request.form → DB save → render_template/redirect → HTML dikha.
MAD1 typical stack: Flask + Jinja + SQLAlchemy + SQLite + Bootstrap.
name attribute server pe key ban'ti hai: request.form['email']. id JS/CSS, value default/dikhta hua text.
action URL. method GET/POST. enctype file upload pe multipart.
required frontend empty submit rokta hai (backend phir bhi check).
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
{% for t in treks %}
<p>{{ t.name }} — {{ t.location }}</p>
{% else %}
<p>No treks</p>
{% endfor %}
{% if user.role == 'admin' %}
<button>Delete</button>
{% endif %}
List filter: {% if x > 10 %}{{ x }}{% endif %}
Length: {{ items|length }} Upper: {{ name|upper }}
Table: loop ke andar <tr><td>
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49
Explain HTTP status/error codes (e.g., 500 Internal Server Error, 301, 303 See Other).
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleStatus code number batata hai request ka result.
200 OK — success, page/data mil gaya.
201 Created — POST se naya resource.
302/303 Found/See Other — redirect (login ke baad).
304 Not Modified — cache use karo.
400 Bad Request — galat input.
401 Unauthorized — login nahi (ironically authentication missing).
403 Forbidden — login hai, permission nahi.
404 Not Found — route/record nahi.
500 Internal Server Error — server crash (DB error, NoneType). debug=True pe traceback.
501 Not Implemented — method server nahi sambhalta.
abort(404) Flask mein. get_or_404(id) record na ho to 404.
User ID GET pe exist na kare to 404 return karo, 500 nahi.
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50
What error code is returned for a database/server issue?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleStatus code number batata hai request ka result.
200 OK — success, page/data mil gaya.
201 Created — POST se naya resource.
302/303 Found/See Other — redirect (login ke baad).
304 Not Modified — cache use karo.
400 Bad Request — galat input.
401 Unauthorized — login nahi (ironically authentication missing).
403 Forbidden — login hai, permission nahi.
404 Not Found — route/record nahi.
500 Internal Server Error — server crash (DB error, NoneType). debug=True pe traceback.
501 Not Implemented — method server nahi sambhalta.
abort(404) Flask mein. get_or_404(id) record na ho to 404.
User ID GET pe exist na kare to 404 return karo, 500 nahi.
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51
Write a simple Flask route.
Times asked3
Official solution
Simple Hello World — notepad mein yeh likh ke run karke dikhao:
hello.html: <h1>Hello {{ name }}</h1>
POST-only: @app.route('/x', methods=['POST'])
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53
Write a route that returns the square of a number.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleURL parameters se numbers lo, calculate karke return/render.
@app.route('/sum/<int:a>/<int:b>')
def add(a, b):
return f'Hello, sum is {a+b}'
Product: a*b. Square: n*n. Even/odd: 'even' if n%2==0 else 'odd'.
Form se: request.form.get('a', type=int). Background color even/odd:
color = 'green' if n%2==0 else 'red'
return render_template('page.html', color=color)
CSS: body { background: {{ color }}; }
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54
Write a route with URL parameters (e.g., ID).
Times asked1
Official solution
Simple<int:id> URL se integer nikalta hai. Alternatives: query string, POST form, slug string.
File templates/dashboard.html honi chahiye.
Keyword arguments template mein variables ban jaate hain: {{ user.name }}.
Route kuch return na kare to Flask error. Boolean return typical HTML view ke liye nahi — string/Response chahiye.
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58
Change the page background/UI.
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh live UI/CSS change hai. Examiner jo element bole uski CSS turant badlo.
url param display: @app.route('/show/<int:id>') return render_template('show.html', id=id)
Form → next page: POST values render_template('out.html', **request.form)
Count: return str(User.query.filter_by(is_blacklisted=True).count())
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60
How are User, Admin, Doctor/Staff roles separated in the application?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleRBAC = Role-Based Access Control — permission role se (admin/staff/user), har user pe alag nahi.
user.role = 'admin'
if current_user.role != 'admin': abort(403)
Same login page, role ke hisaab dashboard. Multiple roles: roles table Many-to-Many, ya comma field (behtar normalized table).
Unapproved staff: is_approved flag, login pe check.
Flask-Security/UserMixin is_authenticated, is_active, get_id dete hain.
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61
What is datetime used for?
Times asked1
Official solution
Simple mix of small concepts examiners poochte hain:
Enum: fixed choices (status = pending/approved). Python Enum ya DB Enum column.
Lambda: one-line anonymous function. key=lambda x: x.name sort ke liye.
datetime: dates/times. timedelta(days=1) yesterday. default=datetime.utcnow.
os.getenv('SECRET_KEY') environment se config, hardcode nahi. .env alternative: actual OS env, config.py, vault.
HTML metadata: <meta charset>, <meta name='viewport'> — page ke baare mein, body content nahi.
HTTP metadata: headers (Content-Type, Set-Cookie).
Request payload: body data (JSON/form).
Namespace: naam collide na hon (Blueprint name, Python packages).
Plugins: extra packages (Flask-Login). Package vs module: package folder with __init__, module ek .py file.
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62
Where is request used and why?
Times asked1
Official solution
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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Created for educational purposes only. Questions are based on students' personal experiences and may not reflect actual exam content.