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Proctor workspace

Proctor Level3_49

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415 Questions
25 Sets
0 Topics
4 Reviews
Tips for this examiner: Be ready to get roasted

Student reviews

Nah MAD1

Proctor is strict will help u a bit but not in during viva.He is chill but can ask deep driven question regarding each and every line of your code , method, anything answer honestly he is nice i think so

Questions remembered
  1. He asked me to show id card
  2. Then download project from submission
  3. Then asked me if that read me is ai generated
  4. Then asked me to tell him about my project
  5. And what is orm,what is MVC,api and rest api,http methods,what u used in project, login as admin,go back to code, explain first 10 line of code,go back to website create a trek ,now if the difficulty is easy create a trek with not less than 30 slot,then asked me to code in jinja for a list of book if book is dbms then render to authour name.then asked me where this del button is in code and where it will route to then asked me explain this code then asked me why is this green and then asked me about get404
  6. Then said your viva is over if u have some questions go ahead
  7. Then i asked him about these i discussed my flaws he told me how to code those things i was close in both he gently told me you have knowledge but have some problem.and wel talked about that code and said you knew but wasn't able to show properly.then i asked should i repeat or should i continue he told me if u have chance fo it again everything will be clear to you.
Suryaansh MAD1

Dont take the last slots or any late slots, proctor is overall chill probably a college student. Will explain if you get stuck somwhere. Follow whatever he asks and answer to the point.
If he asks if you have used gpt then be honest because he will catch it nevertheless

Questions remembered
  1. Explain the directory and the project structure ( explain MVC )
  2. explain models.py
  3. what is backref and difference between backref and backpopulate
  4. what is lazy loading and different parameters
  5. show the whole demo of the project
  6. change the shadow box in our project and change the offsets and the rgba color
  7. change the size and color of the container in your style css
  8. whats the precedence of classes when you write them together in 1 tag
  9. whats the code for keeping a check on 2 ad request , make it without changing the models.py file
  10. explain one of the controllers in detail and why is it used
  11. what is rest api and how is it used
  12. what are filters and how can you use them in your code
  13. what is referential integrity and explain different keys
  14. what is normalization
  15. explain template inheritance using example
  16. make change in the request and show
Sheet response MAD1

practice the theory well

Questions remembered
  1. -Demonstrate the application
  2. -Show the code
  3. -Minor adjustments to styling of the html page
  4. -What is authentication and authorisation
  5. -Explain about different types of testing
  6. -Template inheritance
  7. -Pros and cons of using sqlite3 database
  8. -Show the APIs
  9. -What is API? What is REST API
  10. -How would you have improved your project if you had more time
Sheet response MAD1

Be relaxed, they ask only standard questions mostly and some based on your responses and things you have shown in the code. So, understand your codebase.

Questions remembered
  1. - Explain project directory structure and architecture
  2. - Show project demo
  3. - What's DOM?
  4. - Css types and precedence - external, internal and inline
  5. - What's rest api and any alternatives? (graphql)
  6. - based on previous question advantages if used graphql
  7. - Sqlite pros and cons over alternatives
  8. - Lazy loading in Sqlalchemy (I have used it that's why he asked)
  9. - Is my database schema normalized and how?
  10. - explain normalization
  11. - implement feature to only allow one ad request for an influencer in a campaign
  12. - center a text and div on a page
  13. - anything you wanted to implement but you couldn't while submitting (I answered filters and search)
  14. - based on previous question, how would you implement that first using js only and secondly using flask api endpoints.

Approved viva sets

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See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Level3_49 Mad 1 level 2 Viva
    Times asked 1
  2. 2
    2.I ran the application and showed him the admin dashboard.
    Times asked 1
  3. 3
    3.He then told me that we'll come back to see the application but now move back to the code.
    Times asked 1
  4. 4
    4.After this, he started asking theory questions that are as follows:
    Times asked 1
  5. 5
    5.What type of Database did you use in your application?
    Times asked 1
  6. 6
    7.How is each model related to the each other?
    Times asked 1
  7. 7
    8.Explain the structure of the files(ie app.py, template folder. I had not used a separate file for model.py and included it in app.py itself. While explaining I told him that I did this to prevent circular import error and AI suggested this to me?
    Times asked 1
  8. 8
    9.What is a session?
    Times asked 1
  9. 9
    11.What is ORM? Mention two of its advantages and disadvantages.
    Times asked 1
  10. 10
    12.Mention any 4 features of SQLite ? (I knew only one. So I told him that I don't know the rest)
    Times asked 1
  11. 11
    13.What is cascading in terms of a Database Concept?
    Times asked 1
  12. 12
    14.Then we went back to witnessing the application. I had already logged in as an Admin at the start, and he told me to show all the features the admin can do.
    Times asked 1
  13. 13
    15.While showing the delete trek part, I ran into an error because I had already booked that specific trek as a user, so I wasn't able to delete it.
    Times asked 1
  14. 14
    He told me to explain the error that was being shown. I managed to explain that error.
    Times asked 1
  15. 15
    Then I continued showing the rest of the features. I just finished showing the admin part, and he asked for code changes in it.
    Times asked 1
  16. 16
    1. He told me to count the number of users and print it in the frontend of the admin dashboard. The constraint was that I must not use the backend part to do it. I must use only the frontend part of the code to do it. (I tried using {{len(users)}}, but it didn't work, and I said that I don't know how to execute this in the Jinja part)
    Times asked 1
  17. 17
    2. He then asked me to keep the available slots for a minimum of 30 when a trek of difficulty 'easy' is created for the 1st time. (I did this after 2 tries but within the timeframe )
    Times asked 1
  18. 18
    He then concluded the viva. I asked him about anything I can improve in general; he told me to learn more about SQLite and executing parallel requests in Flask.
    Times asked 1
Advice: Suggestion: Know your code well. Have knowledge about all possible theory questions and mainly the important and most expected ones.
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    What should I do in demonstration of this project
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    Search api by name
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    Give code (for search API)
    Times asked 2
  4. 4
    Give me code to change the color of btn from green to red
    Times asked 2
  5. 5
    Implementation of redis
    Times asked 2
  6. 6
    Explain how the tables in db are related
    Times asked 2
  7. 7
    What is sha256? Can it be decrypted back? How many hashing algorithms do you know?
    Times asked 2
  8. 8
    Why didn't I implement that the user can choose where to download the csv file?
    Times asked 2
  9. 9
    Where did you implement caching?
    Times asked 4
  10. 10
    Improvement in both implementation and code from mad1 to mad2
    Times asked 2
  11. 11
    What are vue lifecycles and which all you used?
    Times asked 4
  12. 12
    If you want to change the database from sqlite to any other, what all changes should be made?
    Times asked 2
  13. 13
    What is the need of virtual environment?
    Times asked 3
  14. 14
    In line 8 i defined create app what benefit do i get
    Times asked 2
  15. 15
    In create app function, is it giving any benefit
    Times asked 2
  16. 16
    In this file why i use underscore
    Times asked 2
  17. 17
    Quick overview of your database
    Times asked 1
  18. 18
    When would i label any api, what categories or design principles do i follow in rest api
    Times asked 1
  19. 19
    What is view directives what purpose they serve
    Times asked 2
  20. 20
    What promises is in js
    Times asked 1
  21. 21
    Explain what is promises
    Times asked 2
  22. 22
    Are they tied (promises and async/await)
    Times asked 2
  23. 23
    What name exports are in js
    Times asked 2
  24. 24
    Instantiate a list of 5 integers in js
    Times asked 2
  25. 25
    Write the code for it
    Times asked 2
  26. 26
    Using higher order function i need to multiply every number with 70
    Times asked 2
  27. 27
    How do i run single js file
    Times asked 2
  28. 28
    How do i run that previous code
    Times asked 2
  29. 29
    Tell each and every step to run this code
    Times asked 2
  30. 30
    If we are creating a new trek in database we will not accept more than 30 slots
    Times asked 2
  31. 31
    I'm getting backend problem
    Times asked 2
  32. 32
    How to run this
    Times asked 1
  33. 33
    How to run my code in terminal
    Times asked 2
Advice: Be true , truthful and honest
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Can everything you did in your app be done without using vue.js using plain js
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    Substitute of (vue directives) in plain JS, as in - instead of using v-if, hover etc how will you implement stuff without that using only plain JS
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    What is DOM, what functionalities does it provide us with instead of just rendering html
    Times asked 2
  4. 4
    Have you used vue cli or cdn
    Times asked 2
  5. 5
    What is HTTP, name HTTP methods and what they are used for
    Times asked 2
  6. 6
    Can you send data in POST request body, can you do it in all methods? should you do it all methods, what methods should not have data in request body?
    Times asked 2
  7. 7
    Celery and Redis , Do we always need to store the cached results in index 1 of redis ?
    Times asked 2
  8. 8
    Asked if i did background jobs, I said yes., so he asked 3 different servers - celery, flask, vite - how do they interact with each other in your project ?
    Times asked 2
  9. 9
    Give me a quick overview of all the files and folders in your project,
    Times asked 2
  10. 10
    what are __init__.py files in your project ? is there a way to export files are packages without using __init__.py
    Times asked 2
  11. 11
    How to limit password to 13 letters long [in the database, not frontend or backend validation]
    Times asked 2
  12. 12
    Overview of database schema
    Times asked 1
  13. 13
    __tablename__ -> is it needed, if we comment out all the table names, should it work or not?
    Times asked 2
  14. 14
    what are REST APIs - what do we need to follow for an api to be called a REST API
    Times asked 1
  15. 15
    Do you know any other architectural styles for API design, benefits of REST API over others, why do we use REST api (i said it is stateless, so he asked how is that helpful if it is stateless? )
    Times asked 1
  16. 16
    Use of vue life cycle hooks, how do they help us as developers, and how do they help in User experience (one good thing it enables as developers and one good thing it enables as users)
    Times asked 2
  17. 17
    Asked to open the application, asked me to login. http://localhost:8080/#/login -> this was the URL asked what is that "#" where is it coming from, from where will you change it ?
    Times asked 2
  18. 18
    In the admin dashboard I had stats shown on cards, asked me to show the frontend and backend part that handles it and asked me to explain the api endpoint for it
    Times asked 2
  19. 19
    asked if i have search page available in admin dashboard -> asked me to implement a dummy feature (Frontend only): If you search for "IITM" in the search box, show a welcome message right below the search box, (using v-if)
    Times asked 1
  20. 20
    Asked to register as company (Backend only): If there are no companies register and company name is "AppDevTeam" then they should not be able to register as company (if they are the first one to register they should not be able to do it), print the error in the terminal "Cannot register"
    Times asked 2
  21. 21
    Asked me to show the error in the terminal (I returned a message with a 404 status code, he asked me to show it in the developer console)
    Times asked 2
  22. 22
    what logical change did you have to add to existing code to make this work At the end, he asked me if I have any questions for him, I asked him for feedback
    Times asked 2
Advice: Know each and every single thing in your project, even the minute details, he can ask you anything unexpected.
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    10PM WENT ON FOR 1 HR 15 MINS 🫠 ID CARD DOWNLOAD PROJECT FROM PORTAL STARTED THE QUESTIONS WHILE I WAS INSTALLING THE DEPENDENCIES DIDNT EVEN SEE THE WHOLE DEMO JUST ADMIN PART
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    WHY WOULD ANYONE USE VENV
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    WILL NODE MODULES BE INSTALLED IN THE VENV
    Times asked 2
  4. 4
    WHERE DOES IT PLACE THE MODULES FOR NODE PART
    Times asked 2
  5. 5
    TELL ME ABOUT WHAT FILES AND FOLDERS YOU HAVE IN YOUR PROJECT
    Times asked 2
  6. 6
    IS YOUR FRONTEND /VITE OR VUE?
    Times asked 1
  7. 7
    WHAT OTHER THINGS DOES THIS VITE THING DO?
    Times asked 2
  8. 8
    IF YOU DELETE PACKAGE-LOCK.JSON WILL YOU FACE ANY ERRORS?
    Times asked 2
  9. 9
    IF YOU REMOVE THAT DIST FOLDER AND PLACE IT SOMEWHERE ELSE YOU CAN DO NPM RUN BUILD AGAIN?
    Times asked 2
  10. 10
    WHEN YOU HOVER OVER YOUR BEST TREK CARD, THIS ANIMATION HAPPENS, SHOW THAT ANIMATION IN THE CODE WHERE YOU HAVE INCORPORATED IT
    Times asked 2
  11. 11
    IN RGBA YOU PUT 4 VALUES, WHAT ARE THOSE 4 VALUES?
    Times asked 2
  12. 12
    LOGIN AS ADMIN AND SWITCH BACK TO VS CODE AND SHOW YOUR MODELS
    Times asked 2
  13. 13
    GIVE OVERVIEW OF DB SCHEMA
    Times asked 2
  14. 14
    WHAT IS LAZY=TRUE IN RELATIONSHIP
    Times asked 2
  15. 15
    WHAT IS BACK POPULATES
    Times asked 2
  16. 16
    ARE YOU USING ANY ORM, WHAT ARE ORMS USED FOR
    Times asked 2
  17. 17
    PROS AND CONS OF ORMS (i didnt know any cons)
    Times asked 2
  18. 18
    WHICH DATABASE ARE YOU USING? (SQLite)
    Times asked 2
  19. 19
    WHAT ENABLES SQL DATABASES TO HANDLE LARGE DATABASES
    Times asked 2
  20. 20
    YOU HAVE USED REST API RIGHT? WHEN WILL YOU SAY A PARTICULAR ENDPOINT FOLLOWS REST API?
    Times asked 2
  21. 21
    GET POST PUT PATCH AND DELETE ARE NATIVE TO REST API OR ORIGINAL IDEAS OF HTTP ITSELF? SUCH CONFUSING QUESTIONSSS
    Times asked 2
  22. 22
    WHAT ARE JS ASYNCH FUNCTIONS AND HOW DO THEY EXACTLY RUN, ASKED ME TO EXPLAIN SOME ASYNCH FUNCTION OF FRONTEND, WHERE ARE THEY EXECUTED
    Times asked 2
  23. 23
    DO YOU HAVE SEARCH FEATURE AVAILABLE FOR ADMIN? CODING QUESTIONS 🫠🫠
    Times asked 2
  24. 24
    IN ADMIN WHEN YOU SEARCH IITM, SHOW A WELCOME MESSAGE UNDER THE SEARCH BOX, EASY CAN BE DONE BY V-IF
    Times asked 2
  25. 25
    CRAZY QUESTION!! I COULDNT SOLVE PROPERLY BUT LOGIC WAS FINE BLACKLISTED USERS NOW IF THERE ARE BLACKLISTED USERS AND THERE PREFIX IS ODD LIKE USER1, USER3 ETC, THEN ADMIN CAN NOT BLACKLIST ANY OTHER USER WHOSE PREFIX IS ODD 😭 VIVA OVER BYE BYE
    Times asked 2
Advice: He bombarded me with theory questions and the coding question he asked was really difficult (backend one) PREPARE WELL FOR HIM!!!
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Show id
    Times asked 3
  2. 2
    Install and do the setup
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    Opened worker and 3 lines in that describe it
    Times asked 2
  4. 4
    Composition api and optional ai
    Times asked 2
  5. 5
    If students cgpa is not greater than 7.5 disabled him to apply for job ( which i didn't) Mixed mood of proctor Thankyou
    Times asked 2
Advice: See the javascript code a little bit and enjoy I asked him for passed or failed he said he can't disclose that.
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    For this proctor the sheet is pointless cause he adjusts his level according to your answers
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    For coding I saw only one question repeated and that is "use the already created search bar where when you search for a specific name the website should show a welcome(name) message and don't use alerts or javascript pop-ups for it"
    Times asked 2
Advice: Know everything about your project and code cause he can ask anything
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  1. 1
    What is SQLAlchemy and SQlite?
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    are u using token or JWT
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    What is Data serialization
    Times asked 2
  4. 4
    Why we use redis
    Times asked 2
  5. 5
    What is REST
    Times asked 1
  6. 6
    Where do you use REST
    Times asked 2
  7. 7
    What is the version of Vue you are using Backend change : When you delete a particular doctor it should say 'Doctor cannot be deleted' in terminal Frontend change : When you search for your name the UI should display a Welcome message
    Times asked 2
Advice: Know your basics
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Prepare your code base entirely, know every line
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    trace the routes, components, jwt,session, many more questions
    Times asked 2
Advice: the proctor is very nice and well spoken but will bombard you with questions
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  1. 1
    Frontend - Asked me to disappear a button based on a condition (use v-if)
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    Backend - to not allow a company to register if the count of companies pending admin approval is more than 1
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    Is celery and redis implemented - show. How is token authentication implemented, how the tables are stored, about SMTP, a lot about Vue js and it's versions, about virtual DOM etc.
    Times asked 2
Advice: The viva went on for 1 hour exactly. He'll ask questions about anything on the screen or anything you mention - he sounded like a student, chill guy but will test your knowledge with a lot of questions. Prepare well and you're good.
See reviews Level3_49 MAD2 Level 3
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  1. 1
    All questions present in MAD1 viva sheet for level3_49
    Times asked 2
  2. 2
    Move the buttons
    Times asked 2
  3. 3
    HTTP/1.1 in terminal, what is 1.1, what is https, how they are different, what are different protocols, TLS, TCP, SMTP, etc.
    Times asked 2
Advice: Be ready to get roasted
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  1. 1
    Then download project from submission
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.

    Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
    2) Extract
    3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
    4) flask run / python app.py

  2. 2
    Then asked me if that read me is ai generated
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  3. 3
    Then asked me to tell him about my project
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

    Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

  4. 4
    Then said your viva is over if u have some questions go ahead
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

  5. 5
    Then i asked him about these i discussed my flaws he told me how to code those things i was close in both he gently told me you have knowledge but have some problem.and wel talked about that code and said you knew but wasn't able to show properly.then i asked should i repeat or should i continue he told me if u have chance fo it again everything will be clear to you.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

Advice: Proctor is strict will help u a bit but not in during viva.He is chill but can ask deep driven question regarding each and every line of your code , method, anything answer honestly he is nice i think so
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    what is lazy loading and different parameters
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplelazy loading: related objects kab load hon. lazy=True default (access pe query). joined/eager pehle se join.

  2. 2
    change the shadow box in our project and change the offsets and the rgba color
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  3. 3
    whats the precedence of classes when you write them together in 1 tag
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simple:class object/array/string dynamic CSS.

    Purpose dynamic class. Error red.

    Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.

    v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.

    :key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.

    MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.

    Example

    <div :class="{ 'text-danger': error, 'fw-bold': important }">Msg</div>

    Project example: :class="{ 'text-danger': error }"

  4. 4
    whats the code for keeping a check on 2 ad request , make it without changing the models.py file
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

    Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
    2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
    3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
    4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

    Example

    class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
  5. 5
    what are filters and how can you use them in your code
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  6. 6
    make change in the request and show
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

Advice: Dont take the last slots or any late slots, proctor is overall chill probably a college student. Will explain if you get stuck somwhere. Follow whatever he asks and answer to the point. If he asks if you have used gpt then be honest because he will catch it nevertheless
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    -Minor adjustments to styling of the html page
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh live UI/CSS change hai. Examiner jo element bole uski CSS turant badlo.

    Bootstrap class badlo (btn-primary → btn-success, bg-dark → bg-warning) ya inline style='color:red; background:#eee'.
    Center: d-flex justify-content-center text-center. Navbar neeche: navbar fixed-bottom.

    Example

    <button class='btn btn-success' style='background:#16a34a'>Book</button>

    Pehle browser inspect karke class dhundo, phir template mein change karke refresh.

  2. 2
    -Pros and cons of using sqlite3 database
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

    Example

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'
  3. 3
    -How would you have improved your project if you had more time
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleImprove ideas: caching, better validation, tests, pagination, email reminders, accessibility, mobile UI, logging.

    Viva tip1-2 concrete features bolo jo time milne pe add karte — vague 'AI' mat.

Advice: practice the theory well
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  1. 1
    - Show project demo
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

  2. 2
    - What's DOM?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  3. 3
    - What's rest api and any alternatives? (graphql)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  4. 4
    - based on previous question advantages if used graphql
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  5. 5
    - Sqlite pros and cons over alternatives
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

    Example

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'
  6. 6
    - Lazy loading in Sqlalchemy (I have used it that's why he asked)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplelazy loading: related objects kab load hon. lazy=True default (access pe query). joined/eager pehle se join.

  7. 7
    - Is my database schema normalized and how?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNormalisation: redundant data kam, tables todna. 1NF atomic, 2NF partial dep hatao, 3NF transitive dep hatao.

    Viva tip

    Exampleuser address alag table vs har booking mein dubara store.

  8. 8
    - explain normalization
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNormalisation: redundant data kam, tables todna. 1NF atomic, 2NF partial dep hatao, 3NF transitive dep hatao.

    Viva tip

    Exampleuser address alag table vs har booking mein dubara store.

  9. 9
    - anything you wanted to implement but you couldn't while submitting (I answered filters and search)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
  10. 10
    - based on previous question, how would you implement that first using js only and secondly using flask api endpoints.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

    Example

    from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

    Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

Advice: Be relaxed, they ask only standard questions mostly and some based on your responses and things you have shown in the code. So, understand your codebase.
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  1. 1
    What should I do in demonstration of this project
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

  2. 2
    Search api by name
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
  3. 3
    Give code (for search API)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
  4. 4
    Where in the code is the change button color option in create trek
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  5. 5
    Give me code to change the color of btn from green to red
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  6. 6
    Implementation of redis
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
    1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
    2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Example

    import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

    Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

    Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

  7. 7
    Explain how the tables in db are related
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  8. 8
    What is a reactive framework?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleReactive: data change → UI auto. Vue/React. jQuery manual.

    Why Vue. Lose reactivity Vue2 new field. Vue3 proxy better.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Change data, list updates.

  9. 9
    What is memoization?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleMemoize = function(args) ka answer copy. Caching broader (HTTP, Redis, page).

    Fibonacci textbook. Flask @cache.memoize. cached whole view.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: get_user(id) memoize. venues list cached.

  10. 10
    What is a rainbow table?
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimplePrecomputed hash→password tables. Unique salt per user se useless. Slow hash.

    Why hashing + salt viva combo.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Werkzeug salts included in hash string.

  11. 11
    What is v-cloak?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplev-cloak compile se pehle {{ }} hide. CSS [v-cloak]{display:none}.

    CDN flash of mustache.

    Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.

    v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.

    :key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.

    MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.

    Project example: index.html v-cloak if CDN.

  12. 12
    How can you access the server without using browser and url?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  13. 13
    Difference between memoization and caching
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMemoize args-aware. cached view/URL. Prefixes differ.

    Same Redis. Different key recipe.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: Two decorators two files explain.

  14. 14
    What is celery?
    Times asked 6
    Official solution

    SimpleCelery background tasks (email, CSV, reports) async chalaata hai. Redis broker/queue + cache.

    User 'Export' click → Celery task queue → Redis message → worker CSV banaata hai → user baad mein download.
    Saath isliye: Celery ko broker chahiye, Redis tez in-memory. MAD2 topic zyada, MAD1 mein optional.
    Priority: task queues/routing. Caching: Redis mein key-value, DB hits kam.
    Pub/Sub: publisher channel pe message, subscribers sunte hain — Redis yeh bhi karta hai.

  15. 15
    What was the default hashing algorithm in mad1?
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 mein common: Werkzeug generate_password_hash — default usually pbkdf2:sha256. Apna code dikhao.

    Example

    from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
print(generate_password_hash('secret'))  # pbkdf2:sha256:...
  16. 16
    What is sha256? Can it be decrypted back? How many hashing algorithms do you know?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 mein common: Werkzeug generate_password_hash — default usually pbkdf2:sha256. Apna code dikhao.

    Example

    from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash
print(generate_password_hash('secret'))  # pbkdf2:sha256:...
  17. 17
    What is axios?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAxios HTTP library: JSON auto, interceptors, timeout. fetch built-in alternative.

    Na use kiya: 'fetch native, extra lib nahi' valid.
    Use kiya: interceptor mein token. Why didn't: deps kam.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    axios.get('/api/venues', { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token } })

    Project example: axios.defaults.headers.common.Authorization. baseURL :5000.

    Viva tipNa use kiya to bolo: fetch native hai, extra lib nahi. Use kiya to interceptor mein token set karna dikhao.

  18. 18
    Why didn't I implement that the user can choose where to download the csv file?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  19. 19
    Where did you implement caching?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

    Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

    Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

    Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

    Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

    Example

    @cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

    Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

    Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

  20. 20
    Improvement in both implementation and code from mad1 to mad2
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleImprove ideas: caching, better validation, tests, pagination, email reminders, accessibility, mobile UI, logging.

    Viva tip1-2 concrete features bolo jo time milne pe add karte — vague 'AI' mat.

  21. 21
    What are vue lifecycles and which all you used?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.

    created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
    updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.

    Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.

    Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.

    Example

    export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}

    Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.

    Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.

  22. 22
    Explain how 'watch' works in vue and where you used it
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  23. 23
    If you want to change the database from sqlite to any other, what all changes should be made?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

    Example

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'
  24. 24
    What is the need of virtual environment?
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleVirtualenv isolated Python env — project deps system Python ko nahi bigaadte.

    Example

    python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
  25. 25
    What is client server architecture
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 typical: Browser → Flask routes → validate/auth → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Jinja response.

    Suggested flowRequest → Route → Auth check → DB → render_template / redirect

  26. 26
    In line 8 i defined create app what benefit do i get
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

  27. 27
    In create app function, is it giving any benefit
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

  28. 28
    Tell me two pros and cons using jwt
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleJWT teen tukde ki signed chitthi: header.payload.signature. Padhi ja sakti hai, badli nahi ja sakti.

    Encoded (Base64) + signed, encrypted nahi (JWE alag). Payload mein password mat daalo — koi jwt.io pe dekh lega.

    Login pe server secret se HMAC (HS256). Har API Authorization: Bearer <token>.
    Expiry exp. Change payload → signature fail → 401.

    Session MAD1 server yaad rakhta. JWT MAD2 client rakhta, server stateless-ish.

    Example

    eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.{"sub":1,"role":"admin"}.signature
# Authorization: Bearer <token>

    Project example: POST /login → token LS. fetch interceptor header. @jwt_required APIs.

    Viva tipAlgo HS256. Secret env var. jwt.io pe payload dikhao, secret public site pe mat paste.

  29. 29
    In this file why i use underscore
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

    Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
    2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
    3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
    4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

    Example

    class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
  30. 30
    Is every arrow function an anonymous function
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  31. 31
    What is view directives what purpose they serve
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  32. 32
    Explain what is promises
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  33. 33
    Are they tied (promises and async/await)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simpleasync function promise return karti hai. await us promise ka result wait karta hai — callback hell kam.

    Example

    async function loadLots() {
  const res = await fetch('/api/lots');
  const data = await res.json();
  return data;
}
  34. 34
    What are props
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleProps parent ki thali child ko dena. Child thali tod ke parent ki thali na badle — emit bolo.

    Declare props, parent :venue="v". One-way. Mutate mat. Types/required Vue 3.

    List parent, card child — classic viva.

    Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

    computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

    SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

    Example

    <VenueCard :venue="v" @select="onSelect" />
props: ['venue']
this.$emit('select', this.venue.id)

    Project example: VenueCard :venue. Child $emit('select', id).

  35. 35
    What name exports are in js
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleJavaScript browser/Node pe chalta hai — DOM, events, fetch/axios. MAD1 mein thoda JS; MAD2 mein Vue JS pe.

  36. 36
    What is default export
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexport default ek. named { foo }. SFC default component.

    index.js import App from. routes named maybe.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

  37. 37
    Instantiate a list of 5 integers in js
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

    Suggested flow1) Register/login user
    2) Admin login — CRUD
    3) Approval/blacklist
    4) Booking/apply + edge case
    5) Search
    6) Logout

    Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

  38. 38
    Write the code for it
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleNaya Flask route: URL, method, auth if needed, query, jsonify. Postman pehle.

    Examiner number/filter change easy rakhna. CORS. Frontend tabhi jab bole.

    Status codes sahi. Password JSON mein nahi.

    Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.

    Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.

    Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.

    Example

    @app.route('/api/sum', methods=['POST'])
def sum_num():
    d = request.get_json()
    return jsonify(result=d['a'] + d['b'])

    Project example: resources.py new Resource. Test Thunder. Optional Vue fetch.

  39. 39
    Using higher order function i need to multiply every number with 70
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleJavaScript browser/Node pe chalta hai — DOM, events, fetch/axios. MAD1 mein thoda JS; MAD2 mein Vue JS pe.

  40. 40
    How do i run single js file
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  41. 41
    How do i run that previous code
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

  42. 42
    Tell each and every step to run this code
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  43. 43
    If we are creating a new trek in database we will not accept more than 30 slots
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

    Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

  44. 44
    I'm getting backend problem
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  45. 45
    Change Logout button to pink color
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  46. 46
    How to run my code in terminal
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

    Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Advice: Be true , truthful and honest
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Can everything you did in your app be done without using vue.js using plain js
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

    Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

    MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

    Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

    Example

    <!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

    Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

    Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

  2. 2
    Substitute of (vue directives) in plain JS, as in - instead of using v-if, hover etc how will you implement stuff without that using only plain JS
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

    v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

    :src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

    Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

    Example

    <p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

    Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

    Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

  3. 3
    What is DOM, what functionalities does it provide us with instead of just rendering html
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleDOM HTML tree. JS nodes change. Vue Virtual DOM ke through, direct kam.

    Manipulation innerHTML vs Vue data. Remove CSS class = rules gone layout may collapse.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Inspect Elements. Vue devtools.

  4. 4
    Have you used vue cli or cdn
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).

    CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.

    CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.

    Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.

    Example

    <!-- CDN -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build

    Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.

    Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.

  5. 5
    What communication protocol is used to communicate between 2 servers? (Python Flask and Vue)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

    Example

    from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

    Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

  6. 6
    What is HTTP, name HTTP methods and what they are used for
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleHTTP verbs REST ke tools. Methods HTTP ke hain, REST unhe convention se use karta hai.

    GET read cacheable. POST create payload. PUT replace. PATCH patch. DELETE remove.

    GET exists bina REST ke bhi — browser address bar.

    HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

    Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

    AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

    Example

    GET /api/venues
POST /api/venues
PUT /api/venues/1
DELETE /api/venues/1

    Project example: resources.py methods list. Postman 4-5 calls.

    Viva tipGET typically no body (cacheable). POST/PUT/PATCH haan payload. PUT idempotent, POST nahi.

  7. 7
    Can you send data in POST request body, can you do it in all methods? should you do it all methods, what methods should not have data in request body?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  8. 8
    Celery and Redis , Do we always need to store the cached results in index 1 of redis ?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleRedis box hai, Celery us box se kaam uthane wala worker hai — same cheez nahi.

    Redis: store (cache keys) + queue (broker lists).
    Celery: Python library jo tasks define karti hai, .delay() se queue mein daalti hai, worker execute karta hai.

    Dono localhost pe ho sakte hain. Alag Redis DB index use karo. Redis band = cache miss + Celery stuck.

    Example

    Celery: broker_url='redis://localhost:6379/0'
Cache:  CACHE_REDIS_URL='redis://localhost:6379/1'

    Project example: export_csv.delay(user_id) Flask se. Worker Redis se task uthata hai, CSV+email. Cache alag keys venues.

    Viva tipAgar possible ho to cache db=1, broker db=0 — keys mix nahi hoti.

  9. 9
    Asked if i did background jobs, I said yes., so he asked 3 different servers - celery, flask, vite - how do they interact with each other in your project ?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

    Example

    from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

    Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

  10. 10
    Give me a quick overview of all the files and folders in your project,
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleRoutes/controllers URLs handle karte hain. app.py app banata hai, models.py data, templates/ views, static/ CSS-JS.

    Typical structure:
    app.py / __init__.py → Flask app, db.init, register blueprints
    models.py → tables
    routes.py / views → @app.route functions
    templates/ → Jinja HTML
    static/ → css, images
    instance/*.db → SQLite

    Ek route explain karne ka template:
    1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect

    Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
    Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
    Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.

  11. 11
    what are __init__.py files in your project ? is there a way to export files are packages without using __init__.py
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  12. 12
    i had enums in my project so he asked what is the use of ENUMS, what are ENUMS
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleENUM allowed values set. App-level choices bhi. Status pending/approved.

    What are ENUMs.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: status string with check or Enum.

    Project example: status string with check or Enum.

  13. 13
    How to limit password to 13 letters long [in the database, not frontend or backend validation]
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.

    Example

    if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')
  14. 14
    __tablename__ -> is it needed, if we comment out all the table names, should it work or not?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simple__tablename__ explicit. Hatao class→user auto. Explicit rename/legacy better.

    Is it mandatory? No. Why use: control name reserved stable migrations. Remove → autogenerate maybe change.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    Project example: class User __tablename__='users'.

  15. 15
    Authentication -> session based or token based, (i had session based so he asked how does session based authentication work?)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

    Example

    session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

    Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

  16. 16
    What are vue directives, purpose of vue directives, vue life cycle hooks,
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

    v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

    :src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

    Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

    Example

    <p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

    Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

    Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

  17. 17
    Use of vue life cycle hooks, how do they help us as developers, and how do they help in User experience (one good thing it enables as developers and one good thing it enables as users)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

    Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

    MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

    Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

    Example

    <!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

    Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

    Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

  18. 18
    Asked to open the application, asked me to login. http://localhost:8080/#/login -> this was the URL asked what is that "#" where is it coming from, from where will you change it ?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  19. 19
    In the admin dashboard I had stats shown on cards, asked me to show the frontend and backend part that handles it and asked me to explain the api endpoint for it
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 frontend usually Jinja templates + HTML/CSS/Bootstrap (+ thoda JS). MAD2 pe Vue ho to clearly bolo.

  20. 20
    what does jsonify do ?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplejsonify Python dict/list ko JSON response + proper Content-Type deta hai.

    Example

    return jsonify(message='ok', count=3), 200
  21. 21
    Asked to register as company (Backend only): If there are no companies register and company name is "AppDevTeam" then they should not be able to register as company (if they are the first one to register they should not be able to do it), print the error in the terminal "Cannot register"
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleInt column mein string daalne pe SQLAlchemy/DB type error ya Integrity/StatementError. Empty table pe bhi same validation fail — row count matter nahi.

    Example

    # SQLite may coerce sometimes; Postgres: invalid input syntax for integer
Spot(status='free', lot_id='abc')  # lot_id int → error
  22. 22
    Asked me to show the error in the terminal (I returned a message with a 404 status code, he asked me to show it in the developer console)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleStatus code server ka result: 200 OK, 302 redirect, 400 bad input, 401/403 auth, 404 not found, 500 server error.

  23. 23
    what logical change did you have to add to existing code to make this work At the end, he asked me if I have any questions for him, I asked him for feedback
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: Know each and every single thing in your project, even the minute details, he can ask you anything unexpected.
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  1. 1
    10PM WENT ON FOR 1 HR 15 MINS 🫠 ID CARD DOWNLOAD PROJECT FROM PORTAL STARTED THE QUESTIONS WHILE I WAS INSTALLING THE DEPENDENCIES DIDNT EVEN SEE THE WHOLE DEMO JUST ADMIN PART
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.

    Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
    2) Extract
    3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
    4) flask run / python app.py

  2. 2
    WHY WOULD ANYONE USE VENV
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleVirtualenv isolated Python env — project deps system Python ko nahi bigaadte.

    Example

    python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
  3. 3
    WILL NODE MODULES BE INSTALLED IN THE VENV
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleVirtualenv isolated Python env — project deps system Python ko nahi bigaadte.

    Example

    python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
  4. 4
    WHERE DOES IT PLACE THE MODULES FOR NODE PART
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

    1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
    2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
    3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
    4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

    Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

    Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
    2) Input?
    3) DB/cache/task?
    4) Response/UI?

    Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

    Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

  5. 5
    TELL ME ABOUT WHAT FILES AND FOLDERS YOU HAVE IN YOUR PROJECT
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  6. 6
    WHAT OTHER THINGS DOES THIS VITE THING DO?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  7. 7
    IF YOU DELETE PACKAGE-LOCK.JSON WILL YOU FACE ANY ERRORS?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLockfile exact versions. Delete → next install bump. Builds differ.

    Commit package-lock.json.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: git status lockfile.

    Project example: git status lockfile.

  8. 8
    WHATS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CELERY WORKER AND BEAT?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.

    Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
    Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.

    Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.

    Example

    celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info

    Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).

    Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.

  9. 9
    DO YOU NEED TO DO NPM RUN BUILD BEFORE NPM RUN DEV?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDev ke liye build zaroori nahi. Prod/static: npm run build.

    Order: npm install, npm run dev. Build before dev nahi.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: README scripts.

    Project example: README scripts.

  10. 10
    IF YOU REMOVE THAT DIST FOLDER AND PLACE IT SOMEWHERE ELSE YOU CAN DO NPM RUN BUILD AGAIN?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  11. 11
    WHEN YOU HOVER OVER YOUR BEST TREK CARD, THIS ANIMATION HAPPENS, SHOW THAT ANIMATION IN THE CODE WHERE YOU HAVE INCORPORATED IT
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

    Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

  12. 12
    WHAT IS POSITION:ABSOLUTE
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleabsolute nearest positioned parent. Navbar bottom fixed bottom 0. What is position absolute.

    relative absolute fixed sticky.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Live navbar move.

  13. 13
    IN RGBA YOU PUT 4 VALUES, WHAT ARE THOSE 4 VALUES?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleR G B 0–255, A 0–1 transparency. Four RGBA values.

    What do four RGBA represent.

    Look: Bootstrap utility classes (margin m-3, flex, grid) ya khud CSS. Responsive = media query / Bootstrap breakpoints se mobile.

    Vue scoped style leak nahi. :class binding. Examiner colour/button live change maange to DevTools nahi, source class dikhao.

    CSS ≠ Bootstrap. Bootstrap CSS+JS framework. Inline style last resort.

    Project example: background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5).

    Project example: background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5).

  14. 14
    LOGIN AS ADMIN AND SWITCH BACK TO VS CODE AND SHOW YOUR MODELS
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

    Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
    2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
    3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
    4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

    Example

    class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
  15. 15
    GIVE OVERVIEW OF DB SCHEMA
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  16. 16
    WHAT IS LAZY=TRUE IN RELATIONSHIP
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.

    Example

    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
  17. 17
    WHAT IS BACK POPULATES
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.

    Example

    # backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
  18. 18
    ARE YOU USING ANY ORM, WHAT ARE ORMS USED FOR
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
  19. 19
    PROS AND CONS OF ORMS (i didnt know any cons)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
  20. 20
    WHICH DATABASE ARE YOU USING? (SQLite)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

    Example

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'
  21. 21
    WHY WOULD YOU SAY THAT SQL OR RELATIONAL DATABASE IS A BETTER FIT FOR THIS PROJECT? OR IS IT JUST YOUR REQUIREMENT
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRelational DB tables + rows + columns, relations FK se. SQL se query. SQLite/Postgres examples.

    Example

    users(id, email)
bookings(id, user_id FK → users.id)

    Viva tipVs NoSQL: fixed schema + joins strong; documents flexible but joins weak.

  22. 22
    WHAT ENABLES SQL DATABASES TO HANDLE LARGE DATABASES
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  23. 23
    YOU HAVE USED REST API RIGHT? WHEN WILL YOU SAY A PARTICULAR ENDPOINT FOLLOWS REST API?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  24. 24
    GET POST PUT PATCH AND DELETE ARE NATIVE TO REST API OR ORIGINAL IDEAS OF HTTP ITSELF? SUCH CONFUSING QUESTIONSSS
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).

    Example

    @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')
  25. 25
    WHAT ARE JS ASYNCH FUNCTIONS AND HOW DO THEY EXACTLY RUN, ASKED ME TO EXPLAIN SOME ASYNCH FUNCTION OF FRONTEND, WHERE ARE THEY EXECUTED
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 frontend usually Jinja templates + HTML/CSS/Bootstrap (+ thoda JS). MAD2 pe Vue ho to clearly bolo.

  26. 26
    DO YOU KNOW WHAT VUE DIRECTIVES ARE? WHAT ARE THEY
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

    v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

    :src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

    Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

    Example

    <p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

    Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

    Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

  27. 27
    WHAT ARE LIFECYCLE HOOKS AND HOW ARE THEY HELPFUL?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.

    created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
    updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.

    Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.

    Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.

    Example

    export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}

    Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.

    Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.

  28. 28
    DO YOU HAVE SEARCH FEATURE AVAILABLE FOR ADMIN? CODING QUESTIONS 🫠🫠
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.

  29. 29
    IN ADMIN WHEN YOU SEARCH IITM, SHOW A WELCOME MESSAGE UNDER THE SEARCH BOX, EASY CAN BE DONE BY V-IF
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
  30. 30
    CRAZY QUESTION!! I COULDNT SOLVE PROPERLY BUT LOGIC WAS FINE BLACKLISTED USERS NOW IF THERE ARE BLACKLISTED USERS AND THERE PREFIX IS ODD LIKE USER1, USER3 ETC, THEN ADMIN CAN NOT BLACKLIST ANY OTHER USER WHOSE PREFIX IS ODD 😭 VIVA OVER BYE BYE
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleBlacklist/block: user.status='blocked' check login/booking pe. Temporary flag vs hard delete permanent.

Advice: He bombarded me with theory questions and the coding question he asked was really difficult (backend one) PREPARE WELL FOR HIM!!!
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Show id
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

    Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

  2. 2
    Install and do the setup
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  3. 3
    What is Rest api
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAPI = Application Programming Interface — do systems predefined rules se baat karti hain. REST API HTTP + JSON use karti hai.

    Controller/route HTML bhi return kar sakta hai. REST API generally JSON return karti hai, frontend alag ho (Vue/Postman).

    Example

    @app.route('/api/users/<int:id>')
def get_user(id):
    u = User.query.get_or_404(id)
    return jsonify(id=u.id, name=u.name)

    MAD1 HTML apps mein 'API' kabhi-kabhi routes ko hi keh dete hain. Agar Vue nahi to bolo: server-rendered Flask, JSON APIs optional.
    Boolean return: technically jsonify(True) ho sakta hai, lekin meaningful JSON object better. Flask view None return kare to error.
    Test: Postman se GET/POST.
    Parsing: request.get_json() body se, request.args query se.

  4. 4
    Opened worker and 3 lines in that describe it
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

    Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
    2) Mere code mein kahan?
    3) Example / demo
    4) Edge case

    Example

    # related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

    Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

  5. 5
    Composition api and optional ai
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleOptions: data methods computed alag. Composition: setup() logic group, reuse.

    Vue 3 both. Course either. Don't claim unused API.

    Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

    computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

    SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

    Project example: script setup vs export default options — open file.

  6. 6
    If students cgpa is not greater than 7.5 disabled him to apply for job ( which i didn't) Mixed mood of proctor Thankyou
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: See the javascript code a little bit and enjoy I asked him for passed or failed he said he can't disclose that.
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    For this proctor the sheet is pointless cause he adjusts his level according to your answers
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

  2. 2
    For coding I saw only one question repeated and that is "use the already created search bar where when you search for a specific name the website should show a welcome(name) message and don't use alerts or javascript pop-ups for it"
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
Advice: Know everything about your project and code cause he can ask anything
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    What is SQLAlchemy and SQlite?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLAlchemy MAD1 ka common ORM. Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper se db.Model, db.session.

    Example

    user = User(email='a@b.com')
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
users = User.query.filter_by(role='admin').all()
  2. 2
    What is npm
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplenpm Node package manager. package.json scripts/deps. node_modules folder.

    Not inside venv. Python pip alag. lockfile versions.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: npm install. scripts dev/build.

    Viva tipnode_modules venv ke andar nahi — project root pe. Python venv alag, npm alag.

  3. 3
    What are Vue directives and why use it
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

    v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

    :src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

    Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

    Example

    <p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

    Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

    Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

  4. 4
    What is redis
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleCelery background tasks (email, CSV, reports) async chalaata hai. Redis broker/queue + cache.

    User 'Export' click → Celery task queue → Redis message → worker CSV banaata hai → user baad mein download.
    Saath isliye: Celery ko broker chahiye, Redis tez in-memory. MAD2 topic zyada, MAD1 mein optional.
    Priority: task queues/routing. Caching: Redis mein key-value, DB hits kam.
    Pub/Sub: publisher channel pe message, subscribers sunte hain — Redis yeh bhi karta hai.

  5. 5
    are u using token or JWT
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleJWT teen tukde ki signed chitthi: header.payload.signature. Padhi ja sakti hai, badli nahi ja sakti.

    Encoded (Base64) + signed, encrypted nahi (JWE alag). Payload mein password mat daalo — koi jwt.io pe dekh lega.

    Login pe server secret se HMAC (HS256). Har API Authorization: Bearer <token>.
    Expiry exp. Change payload → signature fail → 401.

    Session MAD1 server yaad rakhta. JWT MAD2 client rakhta, server stateless-ish.

    Example

    eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.{"sub":1,"role":"admin"}.signature
# Authorization: Bearer <token>

    Project example: POST /login → token LS. fetch interceptor header. @jwt_required APIs.

    Viva tipAlgo HS256. Secret env var. jwt.io pe payload dikhao, secret public site pe mat paste.

  6. 6
    What is Data serialization
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleJSON response = jsonify(...) se application/json. APIs SPA ko data deti hain, HTML nahi.

    Example

    return jsonify({'id': 1, 'name': 'Lot A'}), 200
  7. 7
    Why we use redis
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
    1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
    2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Example

    import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

    Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

    Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

  8. 8
    Where do you use REST
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

    1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
    2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
    3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
    4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

    Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

    Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
    2) Input?
    3) DB/cache/task?
    4) Response/UI?

    Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

    Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

  9. 9
    What is the version of Vue you are using Backend change : When you delete a particular doctor it should say 'Doctor cannot be deleted' in terminal Frontend change : When you search for your name the UI should display a Welcome message
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

    Example

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
Advice: Know your basics
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Prepare your code base entirely, know every line
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCode dikhao to pehle related file: models → route → template. Flow explain karte hue lines padho.

  2. 2
    trace the routes, components, jwt,session, many more questions
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

    Example

    session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

    Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

Advice: the proctor is very nice and well spoken but will bombard you with questions
See reviews Level3_49 MAD1 Level 3
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  1. 1
    Frontend - Asked me to disappear a button based on a condition (use v-if)
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplev-if ghar se nikaal deta hai (DOM se). v-show sirf light band karta hai (display:none).

    v-if false → element exist hi nahi — costly create/destroy, lekin secret HTML DOM mein nahi.
    v-show → hamesha DOM, CSS hide, toggle tez.

    Rare / permission UI: v-if (admin panel). Dropdown bar-bar: v-show.

    : shorthand v-bind ka, v-if ka nahi.

    Example

    <div v-if="isAdmin">Admin panel</div>
<div v-show="open">Dropdown</div>

    Project example: Admin links v-if="role==='admin'". FAQ accordion v-show="open".

    Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.

  2. 2
    Backend - to not allow a company to register if the count of companies pending admin approval is more than 1
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

  3. 3
    Is celery and redis implemented - show. How is token authentication implemented, how the tables are stored, about SMTP, a lot about Vue js and it's versions, about virtual DOM etc.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).

    Example

    # auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
Advice: The viva went on for 1 hour exactly. He'll ask questions about anything on the screen or anything you mention - he sounded like a student, chill guy but will test your knowledge with a lot of questions. Prepare well and you're good.
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  1. 1
    Important keywords in your app
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleApp keywords ready rakho: Flask, Jinja, SQLAlchemy, session auth, RBAC, CRUD, validation, SQLite, MVC.

  2. 2
    All questions present in MAD1 viva sheet for level3_49
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

  3. 3
    What is Node.js, what is node
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNode JS runtime bahar browser. Vite/CLI ko chahiye. CDN-only app browser se chal sakti.

    node_modules venv mein nahi.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: node -v. npm run serve.

  4. 4
    What is a relational database, What are the other type of databases, what is NoSQL database is it a relational database?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRDBMS tables SQL. SQLite/Postgres/MySQL. Database data, DBMS software.

    SQLite engine + file. DBMS vs DB difference favourite.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: SQLite DBMS, app.db database file.

  5. 5
    Move the buttons
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

    Example

    /* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

    Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

  6. 6
    HTTP/1.1 in terminal, what is 1.1, what is https, how they are different, what are different protocols, TLS, TCP, SMTP, etc.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleHTTP postcard (koi padh le). HTTPS envelope (TLS lock).

    Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.

    HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.

    Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.

    MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.

    401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.

    Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.

    Viva tipProtocols: HTTP/HTTPS app, TCP transport, TLS security, SMTP mail. HTTP/1.1 version — persistent connections.

Advice: Be ready to get roasted
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  1. 1
    Explain the important keywords/features used in your application.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleJWT RBAC cache celery v-model router guards — har ek location. Important keywords/features.

    Don't list unused.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: 6 keywords 6 files.

    Project example: 6 keywords 6 files.

  2. 2
    Explain your project folder and file structure.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplebackend create_app models api jobs. frontend src router. config env. README.

    Don't read every file. 6 roles.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: tree command or VSCode explorer.

  3. 3
    Explain your database schema and table relationships.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleTables + lines (FK) + 1-M / M-M. Draw mentally, phir models.py.

    Har class: PK, important columns, relationships. Why normalized (no duplicate venue name in every show as only string without FK).

    Indexes search columns. Unique email. Cascade policy bookings pe.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: User-Role M-M. User-Booking 1-M. Venue-Show 1-M. Show-Booking 1-M.

  4. 4
    Explain your Search API and its implementation.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

    1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
    2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
    3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
    4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

    Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

    Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
    2) Input?
    3) DB/cache/task?
    4) Response/UI?

    Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

    Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

  5. 5
    Explain the Admin dashboard statistics API.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

    1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
    2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
    3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
    4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

    Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

    Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
    2) Input?
    3) DB/cache/task?
    4) Response/UI?

    Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

    Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

  6. 6
    Explain where and how Redis is implemented.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpledb indexes cache vs broker, ping, which keys, why used.

    Physical RAM. Vue nahi. Hit miss. Celery alag.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: config URLs + decorator + celery broker.

  7. 7
    Explain where caching is implemented.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

    Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

    Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

    Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

    Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

    Example

    @cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

    Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

    Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

  8. 8
    Explain improvements from MAD1 to MAD2.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 Jinja MPA sessions. MAD2 Vue SPA REST JWT Redis Celery. Same domain CRUD, architecture jump.

    Improvements: SPA, cache, jobs, JWT. Still add tests/cancel.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Reuse models idea, rewrite UI APIs jobs.

  9. 9
    Explain your project architecture.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleClient-server SPA + background workers. Boxes: Vue | HTTP JSON | Flask | SQLite | Redis | Celery.

    Not microservices. Layered REST. Cache aur queue extra.

    Scale story alag: gunicorn, Postgres, more workers.

    MAD2 architecture: Vue SPA (client) → HTTP JSON → Flask API (server) → SQLAlchemy DB. Side path: Flask → Redis broker → Celery worker → MailHog/CSV.

    Client-server alag ports. State: Vue memory + LS token. Persistent: SQLite. Cache: Redis. MVC-ish: models.py, API views, Vue templates.

    Scale: more workers, Postgres, cache, not 'bigger SQLite file'.

    Suggested flowBrowser Vue → HTTP JSON → Flask → SQLAlchemy → DB
    Extra: Redis cache; Celery via Redis

    Project example: Draw 6 boxes viva mein. Point to folders.

  10. 10
    Hide/show a button conditionally using v-if.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplev-if / else-if / else. v-else next sibling immediately.

    Write if-else Vue. Hide login v-if.

    Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.

    v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.

    :key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.

    MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.

    Example

    <p v-if="status === 'ok'">Done</p>
<p v-else-if="status === 'wait'">Loading</p>
<p v-else>Error</p>

    Project example: status messages.

  11. 11
    Show a welcome message below the search bar when searching for a specific keyword.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplev-if q==='secret' welcome else results. Welcome below search specific keyword.

    Live.

    MAD2 architecture: Vue SPA (client) → HTTP JSON → Flask API (server) → SQLAlchemy DB. Side path: Flask → Redis broker → Celery worker → MailHog/CSV.

    Client-server alag ports. State: Vue memory + LS token. Persistent: SQLite. Cache: Redis. MVC-ish: models.py, API views, Vue templates.

    Scale: more workers, Postgres, cache, not 'bigger SQLite file'.

    Project example: Search.vue.

    Project example: Search.vue.

  12. 12
    Prevent company registration based on a backend condition.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleif not meets(rule) 400. Example domain. Prevent company registration condition.

    Backend.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: register_company.

    Project example: register_company.

  13. 13
    Prevent blacklisting users whose usernames satisfy a specific condition (logic problem).
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSkip blacklist if username matches pattern — logic puzzle if not cond: flag.

    Prevent blacklisting users whose usernames satisfy condition.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Write if carefully, test two names.

  14. 14
    Change a button color.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLive CSS/Vue: sabse chhota change jo dikhe. Logic/API mat todo unless poochhein.

    Inspect element se class dhoondo. btn-success, navbar bottom fixed, center flex.

    Save, refresh, dikhao. Break mat karo layout poora.

    Example

    <button class="btn btn-success">Login</button>
nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
.wrap { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }

    Project example: Jo button/navbar poocha usi file (Navbar.vue / App.vue / css).

    Viva tipDevTools se element inspect. Logic/API mat todo unless poochhein.

  15. 15
    Limit the maximum number of slots/seats while creating a record.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleif price < min or > max 400. Input :max. Limit product price range. Limit max slots/seats creating record.

    Both.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: create form + route.

    Project example: create form + route.

  16. 16
    Display backend validation errors in the browser/Developer Console.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleres.ok false → JSON message state/toast. try/catch network.

    Don't ignore 400. Show 'Already booked'.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    if (!res.ok) {
  const e = await res.json()
  this.error = e.message
}

    Project example: book() method if (!res.ok) this.error = ...

  17. 17
    What is Vue.js?
    Times asked 5
    Official solution

    SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

    Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

    MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

    Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

    Example

    <!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

    Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

    Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

  18. 18
    What is a reactive framework?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleReactive: data change → UI auto. Vue/React. jQuery manual.

    Why Vue. Lose reactivity Vue2 new field. Vue3 proxy better.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Change data, list updates.

  19. 19
    Vue CLI vs Vue CDN.
    Times asked 6
    Official solution

    SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).

    CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.

    CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.

    Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.

    Example

    <!-- CDN -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build

    Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.

    Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.

  20. 20
    What are Vue directives?
    Times asked 6
    Official solution

    SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

    v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

    :src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

    Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

    Example

    <p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

    Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

    Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

  21. 21
    Difference between v-if and v-show.
    Times asked 10
    Official solution

    Simplev-if ghar se nikaal deta hai (DOM se). v-show sirf light band karta hai (display:none).

    v-if false → element exist hi nahi — costly create/destroy, lekin secret HTML DOM mein nahi.
    v-show → hamesha DOM, CSS hide, toggle tez.

    Rare / permission UI: v-if (admin panel). Dropdown bar-bar: v-show.

    : shorthand v-bind ka, v-if ka nahi.

    Example

    <div v-if="isAdmin">Admin panel</div>
<div v-show="open">Dropdown</div>

    Project example: Admin links v-if="role==='admin'". FAQ accordion v-show="open".

    Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.

  22. 22
    What is v-cloak?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplev-cloak compile se pehle {{ }} hide. CSS [v-cloak]{display:none}.

    CDN flash of mustache.

    Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.

    v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.

    :key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.

    MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.

    Project example: index.html v-cloak if CDN.

  23. 23
    What are Vue lifecycle hooks?
    Times asked 11
    Official solution

    SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.

    created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
    updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.

    Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.

    Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.

    Example

    export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}

    Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.

    Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.

  24. 24
    Which lifecycle hooks did you use?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplemounted/onMounted data load. beforeUnmount cleanup. created if used. List 2 + why.

    Which lifecycle hooks did you use.

    Lifecycle = component ki zindagi: created (instance, DOM nahi) → mounted/onMounted (DOM ready — fetch, Chart.js yahi) → updated → unmounted (clearInterval).

    Dashboard API created mein isliye nahi ki $el/canvas missing ho sakta. Composition API: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar. Options: mounted() method. Mix mat.

    Examiner 'konsa hook use kiya' — related .vue kholo, line padh ke bolo.

    Project example: Open files grep mounted.

  25. 25
    Explain watch() and where you used it.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplewatch = 'jab yeh badle tab yeh karo'. Computed nahi, kyunki return value nahi, kaam hai.

    deep: true objects. immediate: true first run. Composition watch().

    Search, $route.params.id load user.

    Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

    computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

    SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

    Example

    watch(() => route.params.id, (id) => loadUser(id))

    Project example: watch query debounce 300ms search API. Nahi use to 'computed kaafi'.

  26. 26
    What are Props?
    Times asked 4
    Official solution

    SimpleProps parent ki thali child ko dena. Child thali tod ke parent ki thali na badle — emit bolo.

    Declare props, parent :venue="v". One-way. Mutate mat. Types/required Vue 3.

    List parent, card child — classic viva.

    Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

    computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

    SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

    Example

    <VenueCard :venue="v" @select="onSelect" />
props: ['venue']
this.$emit('select', this.venue.id)

    Project example: VenueCard :venue. Child $emit('select', id).

  27. 27
    What is emit?
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    Simpleemit = child parent ko chillata hai: 'delete 5'. Props down, events up.

    this.$emit('delete', id). Parent @delete="removeRow".

    Grandchild: chain emit ya Vuex/provide.

    Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

    computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

    SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

    Example

    this.$emit('delete', id)
// parent: <Child @delete="removeRow" />

    Project example: BookingRow emit cancel → parent list se hata + API DELETE.

  28. 28
    What is Axios?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleAxios HTTP library: JSON auto, interceptors, timeout. fetch built-in alternative.

    Na use kiya: 'fetch native, extra lib nahi' valid.
    Use kiya: interceptor mein token. Why didn't: deps kam.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    axios.get('/api/venues', { headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token } })

    Project example: axios.defaults.headers.common.Authorization. baseURL :5000.

    Viva tipNa use kiya to bolo: fetch native hai, extra lib nahi. Use kiya to interceptor mein token set karna dikhao.

  29. 29
    Why didn't you use Axios?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplefetch native, fewer deps. Valid.

    If axios used, opposite: interceptors.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: api.js fetch wrapper.

    Project example: api.js fetch wrapper.

  30. 30
    What is Vue Router's # (hash mode) in the URL? Where is it configured?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRouter URL ko component se map karta hai. Google Maps for pages.

    routes array path+component. router-view jagah. router-link reload nahi.

    meta.auth + beforeEach guard. Dynamic /venues/:id.

    Nayi page: SFC + routes entry + link.

    Example

    const routes = [
  { path: '/', component: Home },
  { path: '/login', component: Login },
  { path: '/venues/:id', component: VenueDetail, meta: { auth: true } },
]

    Project example: routes.js Login, Register, UserHome, AdminHome, 404.

    Viva tipNayi page: component banao, routes array mein path, router-link se jao.

  31. 31
    What is the difference between Vue 2 and Vue 3?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleVue 3 naya engine: Composition API, fragments, better TS, tree-shaking. Vue 2 Options + filters.

    mounted vs onMounted. Filters Vue 3 mein hata — computed/methods.

    Version package.json / Vue.version se dikhao. Jo use kiya uske hooks bolo.

    SPA = ek HTML, Vue Router se views, full reload nahi. MPA = MAD1 Jinja har URL naya HTML.

    Vue Router: routes array, router-view, router-link, meta.auth + beforeEach guard. Dynamic /venues/:id → $route.params.id.

    Vite/CLI SFC + npm build dist/. CDN script tag, no SFC. Jo tumne use kiya wahi justify. Flask send_from_directory('dist') production pattern.

    Project example: package.json vue ^3.x. setup() + onMounted fetch.

    Viva tipVersion package.json / Vue.version se dikhao. MAD2 dono allowed usually — jo use kiya uske hooks bolo (mounted vs onMounted).

  32. 32
    What is Node.js?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNode JS runtime bahar browser. Vite/CLI ko chahiye. CDN-only app browser se chal sakti.

    node_modules venv mein nahi.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: node -v. npm run serve.

  33. 33
    What is Node?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNode JS runtime bahar browser. Vite/CLI ko chahiye. CDN-only app browser se chal sakti.

    node_modules venv mein nahi.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: node -v. npm run serve.

  34. 34
    What is npm?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simplenpm Node package manager. package.json scripts/deps. node_modules folder.

    Not inside venv. Python pip alag. lockfile versions.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: npm install. scripts dev/build.

    Viva tipnode_modules venv ke andar nahi — project root pe. Python venv alag, npm alag.

  35. 35
    Why do we need Node.js?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleToolchain: Vite, npm packages. Runtime Vue ka browser. Prod static dist only possible.

    CDN path Node skip. CLI path Node zaroori.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Which you used.

  36. 36
    Can your application be built using plain JavaScript instead of Vue?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleHaan possible innerHTML manual DOM. Vue saves time. Course wants Vue.

    Can built using plain JS instead of Vue? Possible not practical spec.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Project example: We used Vue required.

  37. 37
    How does JavaScript work?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleEngine parse, event loop, Web APIs fetch. Vue compile template render fn.

    Single-threaded + queue. Reactivity on top.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Don't go too OS-level unless asked.

  38. 38
    What are asynchronous functions?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSync line pe ruk jao (2+2). Async I/O pe wait karte hue baaki kaam chalte (fetch, Celery).

    JS async ≠ Celery async jobs. Context se bolo.

    Why async jobs: slow/scheduled/bulk off request thread.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Login sync hash check fast. Email Celery async. Vue fetch async.

  39. 39
    What are Promises?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePromise IOU hai: abhi nahi, baad mein value ya error.

    States: pending, fulfilled, rejected. fetch() promise return. then/catch/finally.

    async function hamesha Promise return. await usko unwrap. Galat: await without async; missing await to Promise object milta data nahi.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Example

    fetch('/api/hello')
  .then(r => r.json())
  .then(d => console.log(d))
  .catch(err => console.error(err))

    Project example: fetch venues .then json. Ya async mounted await.

  40. 40
    Relationship between Promises and async/await.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleawait promise. async always returns promise. Same states.

    Relationship promises and async/await.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Project example: fetch is promise, await in mounted.

    Project example: fetch is promise, await in mounted.

  41. 41
    What are anonymous functions?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAnonymous ka naam nahi. Arrow aksar. const foo = () => {} naam infer.

    function foo() named. Is every arrow anon? Usually yes.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: v-for callbacks arrows.

  42. 42
    Is every arrow function anonymous?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAksar haan. Assigned const named. function declaration named.

    Why arrows in routes: lazy () => import(), lexical this.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Project example: router lazy import arrows.

    Project example: router lazy import arrows.

  43. 43
    What are named exports?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexport default ek. named { foo }. SFC default component.

    index.js import App from. routes named maybe.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

  44. 44
    What is a default export?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexport default ek. named { foo }. SFC default component.

    index.js import App from. routes named maybe.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

    Project example: HelloWorld.vue default export.

  45. 45
    Create a list of five integers in JavaScript.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleconst arr=[1,2,3,4,5] ya Array.from. Create list five integers JS.

    console.log.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Notepad.

    Project example: Notepad.

  46. 46
    Use a higher-order function to multiply every element by 70.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simple[1,2,3].map(x => x * 70). Use HOF multiply every element 70.

    map not for loop if they want HOF.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Project example: console.log.

    Project example: console.log.

  47. 47
    How do you execute a standalone JavaScript file?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplenode file.js ya browser console / online editor (jsfiddle). DOM APIs node mein nahi.

    JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.

    Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.

    fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.

    Project example: Related .vue method: filter/map ya async fetch.

  48. 48
    What is create_app() and what are its benefits?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleFactory: test/prod configs, circular imports kam, celery/cache bind. Multiple instances.

    What is create_app benefits. Flask(__name__) locate templates. Don't remove casually.

    Flask Python micro web framework. Route decorator URL → function. MAD2 mein JSON API: request.get_json(), jsonify, JWT.

    WSGI: server (Werkzeug) app ko call. if __name__ == '__main__' sirf direct run. Factory create_app() test/celery ke liye.

    Blueprint/resources folders. @app.route vs MethodView. Debug=True viva local, prod nahi. CORS alag port Vue ke liye.

    Example

    def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__)
    db.init_app(app)
    cache.init_app(app)
    return app

    Project example: def create_app(): app=Flask; db.init; return app

  49. 49
    Why are underscores (_) used in Python?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleConvention _internal __dunder protocol. Not security.

    Why underscores used.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: _parse_row helper.

    Project example: _parse_row helper.

  50. 50
    What does jsonify() do?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplejsonify Flask ka JSON response + sahi Content-Type. dumps sirf string.

    marshal schema. serialize models. pickle APIs pe nahi.

    Flask Python micro web framework. Route decorator URL → function. MAD2 mein JSON API: request.get_json(), jsonify, JWT.

    WSGI: server (Werkzeug) app ko call. if __name__ == '__main__' sirf direct run. Factory create_app() test/celery ke liye.

    Blueprint/resources folders. @app.route vs MethodView. Debug=True viva local, prod nahi. CORS alag port Vue ke liye.

    Example

    return jsonify(users=[{'id': u.id, 'email': u.email} for u in User.query.all()])

    Project example: return jsonify(users=[u.serialize() for u in users])

  51. 51
    What makes an API RESTful?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNouns URLs, verbs, JSON, stateless, codes.

    What makes an API RESTful.

    HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

    Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

    AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

    Project example: Not /getVenue.

    Project example: Not /getVenue.

  52. 52
    What are the REST design principles?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleStateless resource URLs uniform interface verbs JSON HATEOAS optional.

    REST design principles. What makes API RESTful.

    HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

    Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

    AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

    Project example: Our /venues/1 verbs.

  53. 53
    Are HTTP methods part of REST or HTTP itself?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMethods belong HTTP. REST uses as convention. GET exists without REST.

    Are HTTP methods part of REST or HTTP itself? HTTP.

    HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

    Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

    AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

    Project example: Browser GET HTML also HTTP.

  54. 54
    Which HTTP methods should contain a request body?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePOST PUT PATCH. GET/HEAD no. DELETE optional body.

    Which HTTP methods should contain request body.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Postman.

    Project example: Postman.

  55. 55
    Difference between HTTP and HTTPS.
    Times asked 6
    Official solution

    SimpleHTTP postcard (koi padh le). HTTPS envelope (TLS lock).

    Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.

    HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.

    Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.

    MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.

    401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.

    Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.

    Viva tipProtocols: HTTP/HTTPS app, TCP transport, TLS security, SMTP mail. HTTP/1.1 version — persistent connections.

  56. 56
    What does HTTP/1.1 mean?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleHTTP/1.1 version request line. Host header keep-alive. 2/3 multiplexing later.

    What does HTTP/1.1 mean.

    HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

    Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

    AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

    Project example: Network headers HTTP/1.1.

  57. 57
    Explain TLS.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleTLS handshake encrypt. HTTPS = HTTP over TLS. Certificates.

    Explain TLS.

    Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.

    MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.

    401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.

    Project example: https padlock prod.

  58. 58
    Explain TCP.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleTCP reliable ordered bytes. HTTP usually TCP. UDP nahi HTTP.

    Explain TCP.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Don't go packet-level unless asked.

    Project example: Don't go packet-level unless asked.

  59. 59
    What communication protocol is used between Vue and Flask?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleVue↔Flask HTTP/HTTPS JSON. TCP below. Auth Bearer. CORS.

    What communication protocol Vue and Flask. What protocols know HTTP HTTPS TCP TLS SMTP.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: REST JSON not gRPC.

  60. 60
    How can you access a server without using a browser?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplecurl Postman httpie Thunder. Same HTTP.

    How access server without browser.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer TOKEN' http://localhost:5000/api/venues

    Project example: curl demo.

  61. 61
    What is a relational database?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleRDBMS tables SQL. SQLite/Postgres/MySQL. Database data, DBMS software.

    SQLite engine + file. DBMS vs DB difference favourite.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: SQLite DBMS, app.db database file.

  62. 62
    What is a NoSQL database?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleNon-relational: Mongo docs, Redis kv, Cassandra. Flexible schema.

    MAD2 Redis cache. Primary models SQL.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Not Mongo. Redis yes.

    Project example: Not Mongo. Redis yes.

  63. 63
    Difference between a Database and a Database Management System (DBMS).
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDatabase data. DBMS software (SQLite engine, Postgres) jo manage karta hai.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: models.py User/Booking relationships. filter_by unique email.

  64. 64
    Which DBMS and database are you using?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite engine + file. Redis extra cache. Postgres if migrated.

    Which DBMS and database.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: URI string.

  65. 65
    Why is SQLite suitable for your application?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleZero config, one file submit, course size. Not heavy concurrent writes.

    Why suitable. Scale later Postgres.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: app.db instance folder.

  66. 66
    What enables SQL databases to scale efficiently?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleIndexes EXPLAIN pool replicas partition cache hot queries. What enables SQL scale.

    Not just bigger disk.

    MAD2 architecture: Vue SPA (client) → HTTP JSON → Flask API (server) → SQLAlchemy DB. Side path: Flask → Redis broker → Celery worker → MailHog/CSV.

    Client-server alag ports. State: Vue memory + LS token. Persistent: SQLite. Cache: Redis. MVC-ish: models.py, API views, Vue templates.

    Scale: more workers, Postgres, cache, not 'bigger SQLite file'.

    Project example: email index search.

    Project example: email index search.

  67. 67
    What is ORM?
    Times asked 49
    Official solution

    SimpleORM = translator. Python object bolo, woh SQL mein baat kare.

    Object Relational Mapper. Class User ↔ table user. Raw SQL kam.

    SQLAlchemy MAD1/MAD2. Fayde: portable SQLite→Postgres, relationships, parameterized queries (injection kam).
    Nuksaan: N+1, hidden SQL, complex reports pe raw better.

    Direct sqlite3 se SQLAlchemy isliye: models, switch DB, safer queries.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(128), unique=True)
User.query.filter_by(email='a@b.com').first()

    Project example: models.py db.Model. resources User.query.filter_by. Koi f-string SQL nahi.

    Viva tipFayde: safe-ish, portable (SQLite→Postgres). Nuksaan: complex queries, N+1, leaky abstractions. Direct SQLite se SQLAlchemy isliye: models + injection protection + switch DB.

  68. 68
    Advantages of ORM.
    Times asked 5
    Official solution

    SimpleProductivity portability relationships. Disadv hidden SQL N+1 magic.

    Advantages of ORM. Disadvantages separate.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: Both sides ready.

  69. 69
    Disadvantages of ORM.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleComplex reports raw better. Perf surprise. Learning ORM.

    Disadvantages of ORM.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Project example: N+1 example loop u.bookings.

  70. 70
    What are ENUMs?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleENUM allowed values set. App-level choices bhi. Status pending/approved.

    What are ENUMs.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: status string with check or Enum.

    Project example: status string with check or Enum.

  71. 71
    What is __tablename__? Is it mandatory?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simple__tablename__ explicit. Hatao class→user auto. Explicit rename/legacy better.

    Is it mandatory? No. Why use: control name reserved stable migrations. Remove → autogenerate maybe change.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

    Project example: class User __tablename__='users'.

  72. 72
    How do you restrict password length at the database level?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

    1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
    2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
    3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
    4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

    Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

    Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
    2) Input?
    3) DB/cache/task?
    4) Response/UI?

    Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

    Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

  73. 73
    How would you migrate from SQLite to another database?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleURI badlo, types BOOLEAN, migrations, dump/load. Models almost same.

    SQLite to Postgres. Production gunicorn+hosted Redis.

    ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.

    class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.

    SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.

    Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.

    Example

    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'postgresql://user:pass@localhost/mad2'

    Project example: SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI postgresql://...

    Viva tipProduction: Postgres + gunicorn + Redis hosted. SQLite file locking 10k users pe nahi.

  74. 74
    Session-based vs Token-based authentication.
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleSession school id card office mein rakha. Token photocopy jo tum har baar dikhate ho.

    Session: Set-Cookie, server store, MAD1 Flask-Login. CSRF risk cookies auto-send.

    Token/JWT: SPA + alag port Vue/Flask, scale easy, mobile. XSS if localStorage.

    MAD2 typically JWT/Flask-Security token. httpOnly cookie safer lekin CORS+CSRF extra.

    Example

    # session
login_user(user)  # Set-Cookie
# token
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(identity=user.id))

    Project example: login jsonify token. Vue LS. MAD1 session cookie nahi dikhana unless used.

    Viva tipToken localStorage XSS risk; httpOnly cookie safer. Session CSRF risk. MAD2 APIs ke liye JWT/Flask-Security token common.

  75. 75
    How does Session authentication work?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSet-Cookie session id server dict user_id. Next request cookie. Logout destroy. How Session authentication works.

    MAD1 style. MAD2 if not used say JWT instead.

    Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"

    Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
    Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).

    MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.

    Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.

    Project example: If JWT, contrast.

  76. 76
    Pros and cons of JWT.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simple

    Faydestateless, mobile. Nuksaan: revoke hard, size, XSS LS, payload visible.

    Balance with httpOnly + short exp.

    Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"

    Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
    Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).

    MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.

    Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.

    Project example: We accepted LS risk for course simplicity.

  77. 77
    What is a Rainbow Table attack?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimplePrecomputed hash→password tables. Unique salt per user se useless. Slow hash.

    Why hashing + salt viva combo.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Werkzeug salts included in hash string.

  78. 78
    What hashing algorithm was used in MAD1?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMAD1 commonly Werkzeug generate_password_hash pbkdf2:sha256. Show YOUR code.

    Don't guess bcrypt if not.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Open hash string prefix.

    Project example: Open hash string prefix.

  79. 79
    What is SHA-256?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSHA-256 hash 256-bit. Passwords: pbkdf2/bcrypt not raw SHA. Decrypt nahi.

    Verify hash(input)==stored.

    Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"

    Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
    Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).

    MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.

    Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.

    Project example: Werkzeug pbkdf2:sha256 typical MAD1/MAD2.

  80. 80
    Can SHA-256 be decrypted?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSHA-256 one-way, decrypt nahi. Brute/rainbow only. Salt+slow.

    Can SHA be decrypted? No.

    Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"

    Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
    Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).

    MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.

    Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.

    Project example: Don't say encrypt passwords.

  81. 81
    What is Redis?
    Times asked 21
    Official solution

    SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
    1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
    2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Example

    import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

    Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

    Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

  82. 82
    What is Celery?
    Times asked 19
    Official solution

    SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.

    Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.

    MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.

    Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.

    Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.

    Example

    @celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')

    Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.

    Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.

  83. 83
    Difference between Celery Worker and Celery Beat.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.

    Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
    Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.

    Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.

    Example

    celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info

    Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).

    Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.

  84. 84
    Difference between Caching and Memoization.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMemoize args-aware. cached view/URL. Prefixes differ.

    Same Redis. Different key recipe.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: Two decorators two files explain.

  85. 85
    What is Memoization?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleMemoize = function(args) ka answer copy. Caching broader (HTTP, Redis, page).

    Fibonacci textbook. Flask @cache.memoize. cached whole view.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: get_user(id) memoize. venues list cached.

  86. 86
    Do cached values always need to be stored in Redis database index 1?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpledata() local diary. Store school notice board.

    Search query local. Logged-in user store. Persist: store + localStorage together.

    state vs data: similar concept, scope alag.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Example

    // local
data() { return { q: '' } }
// global
this.$store.state.user

    Project example: Login.vue local form fields. this.$store.state.user Navbar.

  87. 87
    What is in-memory storage?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleIn-memory = RAM. Tez, volatile. Process band to data gayab (unless dump).

    Redis, Memcached, Python dict. Dict multi-worker gunicorn mein share nahi hota — isliye Redis.

    DB persistent disk. Cache in-memory theek, bookings nahi.

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: Cache Redis RAM. Users table SQLite file.

  88. 88
    How do Flask, Celery, Redis, and Vite interact?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRedis box hai, Celery us box se kaam uthane wala worker hai — same cheez nahi.

    Redis: store (cache keys) + queue (broker lists).
    Celery: Python library jo tasks define karti hai, .delay() se queue mein daalti hai, worker execute karta hai.

    Dono localhost pe ho sakte hain. Alag Redis DB index use karo. Redis band = cache miss + Celery stuck.

    Example

    Celery: broker_url='redis://localhost:6379/0'
Cache:  CACHE_REDIS_URL='redis://localhost:6379/1'

    Project example: export_csv.delay(user_id) Flask se. Worker Redis se task uthata hai, CSV+email. Cache alag keys venues.

    Viva tipAgar possible ho to cache db=1, broker db=0 — keys mix nahi hoti.

  89. 89
    Where is Redis physically storing its data?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleData Redis process ki RAM mein rehta hai, laptop ke browser mein nahi.

    Optional RDB/AOF files disk pe dump. Viva default: memory. Server-side.

    redis-cli ping, INFO memory. Browser Application tab alag cheez (JWT).

    Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.

    MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

    Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.

    Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

    Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.

    Project example: Flask machine pe redis-server. Vue sirf API call — Redis client nahi.

  90. 90
    What is position: absolute in CSS?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleabsolute nearest positioned parent. Navbar bottom fixed bottom 0. What is position absolute.

    relative absolute fixed sticky.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Live navbar move.

  91. 91
    What do the four RGBA values represent?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleR G B 0–255, A 0–1 transparency. Four RGBA values.

    What do four RGBA represent.

    Look: Bootstrap utility classes (margin m-3, flex, grid) ya khud CSS. Responsive = media query / Bootstrap breakpoints se mobile.

    Vue scoped style leak nahi. :class binding. Examiner colour/button live change maange to DevTools nahi, source class dikhao.

    CSS ≠ Bootstrap. Bootstrap CSS+JS framework. Inline style last resort.

    Project example: background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5).

    Project example: background: rgba(0,0,0,0.5).

  92. 92
    What is Client-Server Architecture?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleClient Vue maangta, server Flask dete. Request-response.

    Distributed extra nodes. Protocol HTTP JSON.

    MAD2 architecture: Vue SPA (client) → HTTP JSON → Flask API (server) → SQLAlchemy DB. Side path: Flask → Redis broker → Celery worker → MailHog/CSV.

    Client-server alag ports. State: Vue memory + LS token. Persistent: SQLite. Cache: Redis. MVC-ish: models.py, API views, Vue templates.

    Scale: more workers, Postgres, cache, not 'bigger SQLite file'.

    Project example: Browser client. flask run server.

    Project example: Browser client. flask run server.

  93. 93
    What protocols do you know? (HTTP, HTTPS, TCP, TLS, SMTP, etc.)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleHTTP postcard (koi padh le). HTTPS envelope (TLS lock).

    Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.

    HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.

    Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.

    MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.

    401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.

    Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.

    Viva tipProtocols: HTTP/HTTPS app, TCP transport, TLS security, SMTP mail. HTTP/1.1 version — persistent connections.

  94. 94
    Why do we use a virtual environment (venv)?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplevenv isolated Python packages. system Python safe. requirements.txt freeze.

    Need virtual environment. Node not inside it.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: .venv pip install -r.

  95. 95
    Are Node modules installed inside the virtual environment?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNahi. pip venv Python. npm node_modules project root. Alag ecosystems.

    Examiner trap yes/no. Confident no.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: ls .venv vs ls node_modules.

    Project example: ls .venv vs ls node_modules.

  96. 96
    Where are Node modules stored?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplenpm install se project/node_modules. venv Python ka.

    package-lock delete to resolve drift. Commit lockfile.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: Don't zip node_modules usually — npm install.

  97. 97
    What is Vite?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleVite fast dev server (ESM) + production Rollup build.

    npm run dev HMR. build → dist. Flask static serve dist. Dev bina build OK.

    SPA = ek HTML, Vue Router se views, full reload nahi. MPA = MAD1 Jinja har URL naya HTML.

    Vue Router: routes array, router-view, router-link, meta.auth + beforeEach guard. Dynamic /venues/:id → $route.params.id.

    Vite/CLI SFC + npm build dist/. CDN script tag, no SFC. Jo tumne use kiya wahi justify. Flask send_from_directory('dist') production pattern.

    Project example: vite.config.js. ports 5173.

    Viva tipDev server haan. Production: dist/ static files Flask serve karta hai. npm run build ke bina npm run dev zaroori nahi.

  98. 98
    Does Vite act as a development server?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleHaan, npm run dev development server + HMR. Prod nginx/flask dist.

    Not the same as flask run.

    SPA = ek HTML, Vue Router se views, full reload nahi. MPA = MAD1 Jinja har URL naya HTML.

    Vue Router: routes array, router-view, router-link, meta.auth + beforeEach guard. Dynamic /venues/:id → $route.params.id.

    Vite/CLI SFC + npm build dist/. CDN script tag, no SFC. Jo tumne use kiya wahi justify. Flask send_from_directory('dist') production pattern.

    Project example: Two URLs :5173 UI :5000 API.

  99. 99
    What else does Vite provide?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleHMR plugin Vue env import.meta.env optimize deps preview. What else does Vite provide.

    besides dev server.

    SPA = ek HTML, Vue Router se views, full reload nahi. MPA = MAD1 Jinja har URL naya HTML.

    Vue Router: routes array, router-view, router-link, meta.auth + beforeEach guard. Dynamic /venues/:id → $route.params.id.

    Vite/CLI SFC + npm build dist/. CDN script tag, no SFC. Jo tumne use kiya wahi justify. Flask send_from_directory('dist') production pattern.

    Project example: vite.config plugins.

  100. 100
    Do you need to run npm run build before npm run dev?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleDev ke liye build zaroori nahi. Prod/static: npm run build.

    Order: npm install, npm run dev. Build before dev nahi.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: README scripts.

    Project example: README scripts.

  101. 101
    What happens if package-lock.json is deleted?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleLockfile exact versions. Delete → next install bump. Builds differ.

    Commit package-lock.json.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: git status lockfile.

    Project example: git status lockfile.

  102. 102
    Can you regenerate the dist folder after deleting it?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpledist production bundle. Delete → npm run build regenerate. Dev mode dist optional.

    Examiner delete dist. CLI yes. CDN maybe no dist.

    Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

    4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

    Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

    Project example: npm run build && flask serve.

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  1. 1
    Explain the project directory structure.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRoutes/controllers URLs handle karte hain. app.py app banata hai, models.py data, templates/ views, static/ CSS-JS.

    Typical structure:
    app.py / __init__.py → Flask app, db.init, register blueprints
    models.py → tables
    routes.py / views → @app.route functions
    templates/ → Jinja HTML
    static/ → css, images
    instance/*.db → SQLite

    Ek route explain karne ka template:
    1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect

    Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
    Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
    Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.

  2. 2
    Explain the project architecture (MVC).
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.

    Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
    View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
    Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.

    Example flow (register):
    Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html

    Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
    ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
    MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.

  3. 3
    Demonstrate the complete application.
    Times asked 33
    Official solution

    SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.

    Suggested flow

    1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
    Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
    Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
    Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.

  4. 4
    Explain the codebase.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.

    1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
    2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
    3) DB pe kya query/write?
    4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?

    Example

    @app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.

    Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.

  5. 5
    Explain models.py.
    Times asked 21
    Official solution

    Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

    Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
    1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
    2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
    3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
    4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status

    Example skeleton

    class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
    bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

    ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
    Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.

  6. 6
    Explain one controller/route in detail and why it is used.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleRoutes/controllers URLs handle karte hain. app.py app banata hai, models.py data, templates/ views, static/ CSS-JS.

    Typical structure:
    app.py / __init__.py → Flask app, db.init, register blueprints
    models.py → tables
    routes.py / views → @app.route functions
    templates/ → Jinja HTML
    static/ → css, images
    instance/*.db → SQLite

    Ek route explain karne ka template:
    1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect

    Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
    Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
    Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.

  7. 7
    Show the APIs in your project.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh feature demo hai. Account ready rakho, steps bol ke dikhao.

    Role ke hisaab login → action (create/approve/book) → DB/UI pe result → edge case (fail when slots=0 / blacklisted).
    Do browser windows: admin + user. Search/filter alag se dikhao.
    Agar feature nahi hai to sach bolo aur 2 minute mein kaise add karoge (query + template) explain karo.

  8. 8
    Explain how requests are handled in your project.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.

    1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
    2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
    3) DB pe kya query/write?
    4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?

    Example

    @app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.

    Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.

  9. 9
    If you had more time, what improvements would you make?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    Simple2-3 honest improvements + 1 security + 1 UX.

    Example

    password hashing/CSRF tighter, Redis cache, tests, pagination, email verify, rate limit login, better mobile CSS.

    Challenges: relationships/cascade, concurrent booking, Jinja inheritance.
    Rate: 7-8/10 with reason — 10/10 arrogant, 3/10 confidence khatam.
    Security extra: HTTPS, hashed passwords, CSRF, SQL injection (ORM), login attempts, file type check.

  10. 10
    Advantages and disadvantages of SQLite.
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLite file-based chhota DB, MySQL/Postgres server-based production DB.

    SQLite fayde: zero setup, ek .db file, MAD1/dev ke liye perfect, portable.

    Nuksaanconcurrent writes kam, user/password nahi, network access nahi, production scale nahi.

    MySQL: users, permissions, concurrent, replica. App factory mein URI change karke switch: sqlite:///app.db → mysql://...

  11. 11
    What is lazy loading in SQLAlchemy?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSQLAlchemy Python ka sabse popular ORM hai. MAD1 mein Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper use hota hai.

    db = SQLAlchemy(app)

    class Book(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)

Operations: db.session.add(obj), .commit(), .delete(obj), Model.query.all(), .filter_by(), .get_or_404(id).
db.Model ek class hai (function nahi). db object engine + session + metadata hold karta hai.

    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False extra signals band karta hai, performance warning hatati hai.

  12. 12
    Explain lazy loading parameters/options.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplelazy loading related objects tab load karta hai jab attribute access karte ho, pehle nahi.

    user = User.query.get(1)  # posts query nahi

    user.posts # ab query

    lazy=True / 'select' default. lazy='joined' eager join. lazy='dynamic' query object.
    uselist=False One-to-One (single object, list nahi). Hataoge to list mil sakti hai.
    Frontend lazy loading images alag cheez hai (viewport mein aaye tab load).

  13. 13
    Is your database normalized? Explain.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleNormalization data ko split karke redundancy aur update-anomalies kam karti hai.

    1NF: atomic values, repeating groups nahi (comma-separated skills mat rakho).
    2NF: 1NF + non-key columns poori PK pe depend (composite keys pe).
    3NF: 2NF + non-key columns ek doosre pe depend na hon (city→state alag table).

    Examplehar booking mein user ka poora address copy vs user_id se User table.

    MAD1 project generally 3NF ke kareeb. Higher NF (BCNF) theoretically, practical apps denormalize speed ke liye (cached counts).
    Leaderboard: alag table better agar history/rank chahiye; sirf count hai to query se bhi ho sakta hai.

  14. 14
    What is normalization?
    Times asked 2
    Official solution

    SimpleNormalization data ko split karke redundancy aur update-anomalies kam karti hai.

    1NF: atomic values, repeating groups nahi (comma-separated skills mat rakho).
    2NF: 1NF + non-key columns poori PK pe depend (composite keys pe).
    3NF: 2NF + non-key columns ek doosre pe depend na hon (city→state alag table).

    Examplehar booking mein user ka poora address copy vs user_id se User table.

    MAD1 project generally 3NF ke kareeb. Higher NF (BCNF) theoretically, practical apps denormalize speed ke liye (cached counts).
    Leaderboard: alag table better agar history/rank chahiye; sirf count hai to query se bhi ho sakta hai.

  15. 15
    What is referential integrity?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleConstraints rules hain jo galat data rok te hain. Referential integrity FK valid parent ko point kare.

    PK, FK, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK (age >= 18). ORM Column flags yahi map karte hain.
    SQL = language tables se baat. Database organized data store.
    SQL View: saved query, table jaisi dikhti hai, data copy nahi.
    Cluster: kai DB servers together (HA/scale) — MAD1 SQLite single file.
    Entity mapping: class User → table user, attributes → columns.

  16. 16
    Explain different database keys (Primary, Foreign, Candidate, etc.).
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Examiner code pe ungli rakh ke poochta hai — panic mat karo, 4-line formula bolo.

    1) Yeh file/line kya role hai (model / route / template / config)?
    2) Input kahan se aata hai (form, URL <id>, session, JSON)?
    3) DB pe kya query/write?
    4) Output kya (render_template / redirect / jsonify)?

    Example

    @app.route('/book/<int:id>', methods=['POST']) — logged-in user session se, trek id URL se, Booking add, slots--, redirect history.

    Unknown line: imports (request, url_for, flash), decorators, if checks, commit — har keyword ka reason ready rakho.

  17. 17
    What is backref?
    Times asked 12
    Official solution

    Simplebackref relationship ki reverse side automatically bana deta hai.

    class Post(db.Model):
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    user = db.relationship('User', backref='posts')

    Ab post.user milta hai, aur user.posts bhi — Post model pe sirf ek line.
    secondary Many-to-Many junction table ke liye: relationship(..., secondary=likes_table, backref='liked_by').
    Explicit chahiye to back_populates use karo.

  18. 18
    Difference between backref and back_populates.
    Times asked 10
    Official solution

    Simpledono SQLAlchemy relationships ko do taraf se connect karte hain, farq sirf likhne ke style ka hai.

    backref: relationship ek side pe likhte ho, doosri side SQLAlchemy khud bana deta hai. Short hai, lekin dono models dekh ke relationship clearly nahi dikhti.

    back_populates: dono models pe relationship explicitly likhte ho. Code padhne wale ko turant samajh aa jaata hai ki User.posts aur Post.author linked hain.

    Example

    class User(db.Model):
    posts = db.relationship('Post', backref='author')

    Yahan Post.author automatically mil jaata hai.

    Explicit version:

    class User(db.Model):
    posts = db.relationship('Post', back_populates='author')
class Post(db.Model):
    author = db.relationship('User', back_populates='posts')

    Viva tipexaminer ko bolo — MAD1 project mein back_populates zyada clear hai, isliye preferred.

  19. 19
    What is an API?
    Times asked 8
    Official solution

    SimpleAPI = Application Programming Interface — do systems predefined rules se baat karti hain. REST API HTTP + JSON use karti hai.

    Controller/route HTML bhi return kar sakta hai. REST API generally JSON return karti hai, frontend alag ho (Vue/Postman).

    Example

    @app.route('/api/users/<int:id>')
def get_user(id):
    u = User.query.get_or_404(id)
    return jsonify(id=u.id, name=u.name)

    MAD1 HTML apps mein 'API' kabhi-kabhi routes ko hi keh dete hain. Agar Vue nahi to bolo: server-rendered Flask, JSON APIs optional.
    Boolean return: technically jsonify(True) ho sakta hai, lekin meaningful JSON object better. Flask view None return kare to error.
    Test: Postman se GET/POST.
    Parsing: request.get_json() body se, request.args query se.

  20. 20
    What is a REST API?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAPI = Application Programming Interface — do systems predefined rules se baat karti hain. REST API HTTP + JSON use karti hai.

    Controller/route HTML bhi return kar sakta hai. REST API generally JSON return karti hai, frontend alag ho (Vue/Postman).

    Example

    @app.route('/api/users/<int:id>')
def get_user(id):
    u = User.query.get_or_404(id)
    return jsonify(id=u.id, name=u.name)

    MAD1 HTML apps mein 'API' kabhi-kabhi routes ko hi keh dete hain. Agar Vue nahi to bolo: server-rendered Flask, JSON APIs optional.
    Boolean return: technically jsonify(True) ho sakta hai, lekin meaningful JSON object better. Flask view None return kare to error.
    Test: Postman se GET/POST.
    Parsing: request.get_json() body se, request.args query se.

  21. 21
    Are there alternatives to REST? (e.g., GraphQL)
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleREST multiple URLs/resources, GraphQL ek endpoint se exactly jo fields chahiye woh maango.

    REST: GET /users/1, GET /users/1/posts — extra/under fetching ho sakti hai.
    GraphQL: { user(id:1) { name posts { title } } } — ek call.
    MAD1 REST/HTTP routes use karta hai; GraphQL extra complexity.

  22. 22
    What are the advantages of GraphQL over REST?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleREST multiple URLs/resources, GraphQL ek endpoint se exactly jo fields chahiye woh maango.

    REST: GET /users/1, GET /users/1/posts — extra/under fetching ho sakti hai.
    GraphQL: { user(id:1) { name posts { title } } } — ek call.
    MAD1 REST/HTTP routes use karta hai; GraphQL extra complexity.

  23. 23
    How would you implement search/filter using JavaScript only?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleSearch box GET form, backend query filter, results template mein.

    q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
results = Doctor.query.filter(Doctor.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all() if q else []
return render_template('search.html', results=results, q=q)

    Jinja: {{ results|length }} matches. Empty: 'No results'.
    JS-only filter: saara data pehle load, client filter — chhote lists. Bada data: server search.
    Search generally GET (shareable URL). Count: len(results) ya db.func.count.

  24. 24
    How would you implement the same feature using Flask API endpoints?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAPI = Application Programming Interface — do systems predefined rules se baat karti hain. REST API HTTP + JSON use karti hai.

    Controller/route HTML bhi return kar sakta hai. REST API generally JSON return karti hai, frontend alag ho (Vue/Postman).

    Example

    @app.route('/api/users/<int:id>')
def get_user(id):
    u = User.query.get_or_404(id)
    return jsonify(id=u.id, name=u.name)

    MAD1 HTML apps mein 'API' kabhi-kabhi routes ko hi keh dete hain. Agar Vue nahi to bolo: server-rendered Flask, JSON APIs optional.
    Boolean return: technically jsonify(True) ho sakta hai, lekin meaningful JSON object better. Flask view None return kare to error.
    Test: Postman se GET/POST.
    Parsing: request.get_json() body se, request.args query se.

  25. 25
    What is the DOM?
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleDOM = Document Object Model — HTML ka tree jo browser memory mein banata hai. JS isi ko change karta hai.

    document.getElementById('btn').style.color = 'red'
    Jinja server pe HTML banata hai, phir browser DOM parse karta hai. Vue DOM ko reactive update karta hai.

  26. 26
    Types of CSS (Inline, Internal, External).
    Times asked 3
    Official solution

    SimpleCSS 3 tarikon se lagti hai, priority Inline > Internal > External (same specificity pe).

    Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
    Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
    External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.

    Example same button pe teeno:
    /* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
    /* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
    <!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega

    ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
    !important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
    Large project: external CSS preferred.

  27. 27
    CSS precedence/specificity.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleCSS 3 tarikon se lagti hai, priority Inline > Internal > External (same specificity pe).

    Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
    Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
    External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.

    Example same button pe teeno:
    /* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
    /* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
    <!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega

    ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
    !important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
    Large project: external CSS preferred.

  28. 28
    What happens when multiple CSS classes are applied to the same element?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh live UI/CSS change hai. Examiner jo element bole uski CSS turant badlo.

    Bootstrap class badlo (btn-primary → btn-success, bg-dark → bg-warning) ya inline style='color:red; background:#eee'.
    Center: d-flex justify-content-center text-center. Navbar neeche: navbar fixed-bottom.

    Example

    <button class='btn btn-success' style='background:#16a34a'>Book</button>

    Pehle browser inspect karke class dhundo, phir template mein change karke refresh.

  29. 29
    Explain template inheritance with an example.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleextends poora layout inherit karta hai, include chhota piece insert karta hai.

    extends: child page base.html ka structure use karti hai, blocks override karti hai. Ek hi parent.
    include: navbar.html / footer.html jahan chaho insert. Kai baar use ho sakta hai.

    base.html:

    {% block content %}{% endblock %}

home.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}<h1>Home</h1>{% endblock %}

{% include 'navbar.html' %}  → navbar har page pe

    Fayda: header/footer ek jagah, change once — saari pages update. MAD1 mein almost har project use karta hai.

  30. 30
    Center a text element on the page.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  31. 31
    Center a <div> on the page.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  32. 32
    Change the shadow of a box (offsets, blur, RGBA color).
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  33. 33
    Change the size of a container.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  34. 34
    Change the color of a container.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.

    Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
    Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
    Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
    text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
    Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
    Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
    Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
    Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
    Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
    Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
    Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
    Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
    Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>

  35. 35
    Make minor HTML/CSS styling adjustments.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh live UI/CSS change hai. Examiner jo element bole uski CSS turant badlo.

    Bootstrap class badlo (btn-primary → btn-success, bg-dark → bg-warning) ya inline style='color:red; background:#eee'.
    Center: d-flex justify-content-center text-center. Navbar neeche: navbar fixed-bottom.

    Example

    <button class='btn btn-success' style='background:#16a34a'>Book</button>

    Pehle browser inspect karke class dhundo, phir template mein change karke refresh.

  36. 36
    What is authentication?What is authorization?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleAuthentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"

    Authentication: login. Username + password check karke prove karte ho ki tum genuine user ho. Success pe session/token milta hai.
    Authorization: uske baad role check. Admin hi parking lot delete kar sakta hai, normal user nahi.

    Example (Flask):
    # Authentication

    if user and check_password_hash(user.password, form_password):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# Authorization
if session.get('role') != 'admin':
    abort(403)  # logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi

    Project example: student login = authentication. Student admin dashboard nahi khol sakta = authorization.
    Validation alag cheez hai (form sahi bhara hai ya nahi, jaise age 18+).

  37. 37
    Explain different types of testing.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    SimpleTesting code sahi hai verify. Unit = chhote functions, Integration = route+DB, System = poora flow.

    Pytest: test_*.py, assert. Markers: @pytest.mark.slow skip/select. Keywords: pytest -k login.
    Unit testing se regression kam, viva ke alawa CI mein fayda. Manual: demo scenarios (overbook, blacklist).

  38. 38
    Explain filters and how they work in your project.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh list filter/sort/display task hai. Query badlo, template same rakh sakte ho.

    rows = Model.query.filter_by(status='approved').order_by(Model.name.asc()).all()

    Jinja: {% for r in rows %}<tr><td>{{ r.name|upper }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}

    {{ rows|length }} count dikhane ke liye.

    Alphabet sort: order_by(Model.name). Status filter: filter_by(status='pending').
    Assigned staff column: relationship se {{ booking.staff.name }}.

  39. 39
    How would you add a new filter?
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh project-specific feature add/modify hai. 4 layers touch karo: model, route, template, validation.

    1) Data chahiye to models.py mein column/relationship + DB update (ALTER / migrate / create_all).
    2) Route: GET pe form/page, POST pe request.form se save, flash + redirect.
    3) Template: input name=... Jinja se {{ obj.field }} display.
    4) Rule: duplicate, range, role check backend pe.

    Example naya field 'city':

    user.city = db.Column(db.String(50))
user.city = request.form.get('city')
<input name='city'>  ...  {{ user.city }}
  40. 40
    Implement a feature to allow only one ad request per influencer in a campaign.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh live coding / notepad task hai. Chhota, correct Flask snippet likho.

    from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect, url_for
@app.route('/do', methods=['GET','POST'])
def do():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # request.form.get('field') ya request.args.get('q')
        # db.session.add(...); commit
        return redirect(url_for('dashboard'))
    items = Model.query.all()
    return render_template('page.html', items=items)

    Jinja: {% for x in items %}<li>{{ x.name }}</li>{% endfor %}
    ID URL: @app.route('/item/<int:id>')

  41. 41
    Implement a check to prevent multiple ad requests without modifying models.py.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

    Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
    1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
    2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
    3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
    4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status

    Example skeleton

    class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
    bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

    ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
    Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.

  42. 42
    Modify the request handling logic and explain the changes.
    Times asked 1
    Official solution

    Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:

    Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.

    Typical Flask flowBrowser request → @app.route controller → SQLAlchemy model/DB → Jinja template response.

    Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
    Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.

    Example (generic create):
    obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))

    db.session.add(obj); db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('list_view'))
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