Viva Prep

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleRelational DB tables + rows + columns, relations FK se. SQL se query. SQLite/Postgres examples.

Example

users(id, email)
bookings(id, user_id FK → users.id)

Viva tipVs NoSQL: fixed schema + joins strong; documents flexible but joins weak.

SimpleNoSQL = non-relational store (documents/key-value). Flexible schema, joins weak. MongoDB/Redis examples. MAD1 usually SQLite relational.

SimplePrimary key row ka unique identity — usually id Integer autoincrement.

Example

id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)

SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.

Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py

SimpleNaya Flask route: URL, method, auth if needed, query, jsonify. Postman pehle.

Examiner number/filter change easy rakhna. CORS. Frontend tabhi jab bole.

Status codes sahi. Password JSON mein nahi.

Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.

Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.

Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.

Example

@app.route('/api/sum', methods=['POST'])
def sum_num():
    d = request.get_json()
    return jsonify(result=d['a'] + d['b'])

Project example: resources.py new Resource. Test Thunder. Optional Vue fetch.

SimpleNaya Flask route: URL, method, auth if needed, query, jsonify. Postman pehle.

Examiner number/filter change easy rakhna. CORS. Frontend tabhi jab bole.

Status codes sahi. Password JSON mein nahi.

Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.

Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.

Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.

Example

@app.route('/api/sum', methods=['POST'])
def sum_num():
    d = request.get_json()
    return jsonify(result=d['a'] + d['b'])

Project example: resources.py new Resource. Test Thunder. Optional Vue fetch.

SimpleBackend libs: Flask, Flask-SQLAlchemy, Werkzeug, maybe Flask-Login/WTF, Flask-Mail/Celery (MAD2).

SimplePinia naya store: mutations nahi, seedha state. Vue 3 recommended.

defineStore. Vuex vs Pinia: naya project Pinia. Purana Vuex valid.

Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

Project example: stores/user.js. Agar Vuex hai to Pinia ka naam mat lo unless used.

SimpleProps parent→child values. Emit child→parent signal. Basic communication.

Difference props and emit.

Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

Project example: Card props venue emit select.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

Simplevenv activate → dependencies → DB create/migrate → flask run. Browser pe localhost dikhao.

Example

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
flask run

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.

1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect

Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.

Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?

Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.

Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

Example

/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

SimpleJWT teen tukde ki signed chitthi: header.payload.signature. Padhi ja sakti hai, badli nahi ja sakti.

Encoded (Base64) + signed, encrypted nahi (JWE alag). Payload mein password mat daalo — koi jwt.io pe dekh lega.

Login pe server secret se HMAC (HS256). Har API Authorization: Bearer <token>.
Expiry exp. Change payload → signature fail → 401.

Session MAD1 server yaad rakhta. JWT MAD2 client rakhta, server stateless-ish.

Example

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.{"sub":1,"role":"admin"}.signature
# Authorization: Bearer <token>

Project example: POST /login → token LS. fetch interceptor header. @jwt_required APIs.

Viva tipAlgo HS256. Secret env var. jwt.io pe payload dikhao, secret public site pe mat paste.

SimpleBlacklist/block: user.status='blocked' check login/booking pe. Temporary flag vs hard delete permanent.

SimpleSMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — email bhejne ka standard. Flask-Mail / smtplib se reminders/reports.

Example

from flask_mail import Message
msg = Message('Subject', recipients=[user.email])
msg.body = 'Hello'
mail.send(msg)

Viva tipViva mein MailHog/inbox dikhao. Port 587 TLS common; local pe MailHog 1025.

SimpleRedis box hai, Celery us box se kaam uthane wala worker hai — same cheez nahi.

Redis: store (cache keys) + queue (broker lists).
Celery: Python library jo tasks define karti hai, .delay() se queue mein daalti hai, worker execute karta hai.

Dono localhost pe ho sakte hain. Alag Redis DB index use karo. Redis band = cache miss + Celery stuck.

Example

Celery: broker_url='redis://localhost:6379/0'
Cache:  CACHE_REDIS_URL='redis://localhost:6379/1'

Project example: export_csv.delay(user_id) Flask se. Worker Redis se task uthata hai, CSV+email. Cache alag keys venues.

Viva tipAgar possible ho to cache db=1, broker db=0 — keys mix nahi hoti.

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.

Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleHTTP verbs REST ke tools. Methods HTTP ke hain, REST unhe convention se use karta hai.

GET read cacheable. POST create payload. PUT replace. PATCH patch. DELETE remove.

GET exists bina REST ke bhi — browser address bar.

HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

Example

GET /api/venues
POST /api/venues
PUT /api/venues/1
DELETE /api/venues/1

Project example: resources.py methods list. Postman 4-5 calls.

Viva tipGET typically no body (cacheable). POST/PUT/PATCH haan payload. PUT idempotent, POST nahi.

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

Example

@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

Example

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

SimpleEdge cases: duplicate booking, full capacity, wrong role URL, empty search, invalid id.

Example

if Spot.query.get_or_404(spot_id).status != 'available':
    flash('Already taken')
    return redirect(...)

SimpleEdge cases: duplicate booking, full capacity, wrong role URL, empty search, invalid id.

Example

if Spot.query.get_or_404(spot_id).status != 'available':
    flash('Already taken')
    return redirect(...)

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

Example

q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()

SimpleonMounted = Composition API ka mounted. setup() ke andar call.

Options API: mounted() method. Mix mat. Vue 3 dono chalte.

Lifecycle = component ki zindagi: created (instance, DOM nahi) → mounted/onMounted (DOM ready — fetch, Chart.js yahi) → updated → unmounted (clearInterval).

Dashboard API created mein isliye nahi ki $el/canvas missing ho sakta. Composition API: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar. Options: mounted() method. Mix mat.

Examiner 'konsa hook use kiya' — related .vue kholo, line padh ke bolo.

Example

import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
const items = ref([])
onMounted(async () => {
  items.value = await (await fetch('/api/items')).json()
})

Project example: script setup: onMounted(loadStats).

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).

CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.

CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.

Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.

Example

<!-- CDN -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build

Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.

Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:

Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.

Typical Flask flowBrowser request → @app.route controller → SQLAlchemy model/DB → Jinja template response.

Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.

Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))

db.session.add(obj); db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('list_view'))

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

Example

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'

SimpleNoSQL = non-relational store (documents/key-value). Flexible schema, joins weak. MongoDB/Redis examples. MAD1 usually SQLite relational.

SimpleIndex kitab ki index jaisi — search tez, poori table scan nahi.

email unique=True already index. Composite: db.Index('ix_user_city_age', User.city, User.age)
Zyada indexes writes slow. Search/filter columns pe lagao.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

Example

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

SimpleQuery params URL ? ke baad: /search?q=mall. Flask: request.args.get('q').

Example

@app.route('/search')
def search():
    q = request.args.get('q', '')
    return ...

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.

Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.

MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.

Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.

Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.

Example

@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')

Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.

Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.