Proctor Level1_94

Student reviews

Mayur MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

PLEASE PREPARE YOURSELF VERY WELL, LEVEL 1 WAS PROBABLY HOW PEOPLE DESCRIBED LEVEL 2

Questions remembered

- ID and Git
- Download file from the site
- Asked me to do basic demonstration
- Asked me to open app.py, asked what is os.getenv, and all the setup_config (I have 10-12 params, including SECRET_KEY, asked to explain, understood I knew it so skipped after 3-4)
- Asked me to copy url and paste the same onto incognito mode, it asked for login, asked why is this the case (session doesn’t store the login)
- Asked how is this possible, is there something you have done manually? (Yes) How? (Using @login_required and @admin_bp.before_request) Asked what is that, explain properly
- Asked me to create a new route in app.py and create a template
- Then asked me to display all users in the newly made route
- It showed the object first, asked me to display only username
Gave me time and allowed to refer to pages that I have made, but it was difficult.

Mithra MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

Go through the basics and this full sheet once.

Questions remembered

My viva level 1 questions:
- Frond end and backend Validation
- ORM
- Full form of CRUD
- Cascade
- difference between {% %}, {{ }} in jinja
- what all frameworks have you used in the front end and back end
- perform all the CRUD operations
- PUT method
- RESTful API HTTP methods
- why ORM is used
- what is default that you have defined. Role = db.Column(db.Integer, default=1)
- Why is jinja used here?
- Why you didn't use PUT?

Approved viva sets

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

-Git colaborator

Times asked 2
2

-Checked if celery was working or not (mails, exports etc)

Times asked 2
3

-Asked me to make a endpoint to apply in a drive

Times asked 2
4

-Asked me to make a form

Times asked 1

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

- Demo

Times asked 2
2

- Asked me how the celery worker implemented tasks for export csv both in frontend and backend

Times asked 2
3

- Asked to write the Vue Components in a Notebook

Times asked 2
4

- How can a variable defined in script tag be used in template

Times asked 2
5

- Code an API for listing some student details from an already defined model called Student

Times asked 2

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Asked if I had configured email notification once the backend task was completed and if I used Gmail and asked ?

Times asked 2
2

What's something new you learnt after doing this project?

Times asked 2

Advice: The proctor is really good and understanding. Be confident and know your code well.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Difference between CLI and CDN

Times asked 1
2

What is Query Params?

Times asked 2
3

Open notepad and write how you displayed available appointments

Times asked 2

Advice: Answer with confidence, sometimes over explaining helps and but was genuine person and even allowed consulting internet when I was not able to run a particular module in cmd

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

difference between mad1 and mad2 project

Times asked 2
2

how did you implement csv job

Times asked 2
3

used token based or session based

Times asked 2

Advice: use examples to explain be confident focus more on theory concepts

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

CDN and CLI, have i used those in the project, token and sessions , schedule tasks.

Times asked 2

Advice: he was kind and patiently waited for me to run the app. and he wished me for level 2.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Level 1 Viva by level 1_94

Times asked 2
2

Question- Show me full Project, focus on celery running or not, explain how celery works ,

Times asked 2
3

Three code changes

Times asked 2
4

- change code to show all users data

Times asked 2
5

- My monthly report was not running so fix that

Times asked 2
6

- check APIs through thunder client etc

Times asked 2
7

Not chill proctor, viva was about 55 mins.

Times asked 2
8

Level 2 viva by level3_25

Times asked 1
9

Theory:-

Times asked 4
10

Client vs distributed network

Times asked 4
11

Cell spaceing vs cell padding

Times asked 4
12

Explain full code of models.py

Times asked 3
13

What is db.model

Times asked 2
14

If some new booking happens how the apis and routes are working together explain process

Times asked 4
15

Difference between back populate and back ref

Times asked 4
16

Coding:-

Times asked 2
17

Put sign up button to right side

Times asked 2
18

Show me all users data (just thought process)

Times asked 2
19

Super chill proctor patient and will help you as well, be confident and if you don't know something just say no don't mug up

Times asked 2

Advice: Level1_94 May God save you Level3_25 super chill you are in good hands, be confident you ar going to get marks, just learn how to check APIs in thunderclient he might ask it.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

- Change the scheduled jobs timing to minutes

Times asked 2
2

- Explain how have implemented celery, show its execution

Times asked 2
3

- How admin is being created

Times asked 2
4

- Open a notepad and code : v-if component and a random route

Times asked 2

Advice: Bro is quite fast, not at all helpful, just rude, and asks you to code in a notepad as well.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

- ID and Git

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
2
- Download file from the site

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
3

- Asked me to do basic demonstration

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
4
- Asked me to copy url and paste the same onto incognito mode, it asked for login, asked why is this the case (session doesn’t store the login)

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
5

- Asked me to create a new route in app.py and create a template

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
6
- It showed the object first, asked me to display only username

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
7
Gave me time and allowed to refer to pages that I have made, but it was difficult.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: PLEASE PREPARE YOURSELF VERY WELL, LEVEL 1 WAS PROBABLY HOW PEOPLE DESCRIBED LEVEL 2

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

My viva level 1 questions:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2
- Frond end and backend Validation

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.
Example
```
if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')
```
3

- what all frameworks have you used in the front end and back end

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleStack bolo: Python, Flask, Jinja2, SQLAlchemy, SQLite, HTML/CSS/Bootstrap, maybe Chart.js.
4
- what is default that you have defined. Role = db.Column(db.Integer, default=1)

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: Go through the basics and this full sheet once.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1
-Git colaborator

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
2
-Checked if celery was working or not (mails, exports etc)

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
3
-Asked me to make a endpoint to apply in a drive

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1

- Demo

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
2
- Asked me how the celery worker implemented tasks for export csv both in frontend and backend

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleClick → Celery → worker CSV → email/download. Columns verify.
csv module. Auth required. Don't freeze UI — 202 + poll.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Example
```
@celery.task
def export_venues_csv(user_id):
    rows = Venue.query.all()
    # csv.writer, mail.send
    return 'ok'
```
Project example: Admin export venues. MailHog attach ya file open.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein job trigger API dikhao, phir MailHog/file open karke columns verify karo.
3
- Asked to write the Vue Components in a Notebook

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.
Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.
MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.
Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.
Example
```

<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>
```
Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.
Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.
4

- How can a variable defined in script tag be used in template

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
5
- Code an API for listing some student details from an already defined model called Student

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

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1

Show ID card.

Times asked 6

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe clearly IITM/college ID dikhao — naam photo match.
Pehle se ID haath mein rakho. Glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2
Show Github collaborator

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
3
Which did you use Vue CLI or Vue CDN and why?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).
CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.
CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.
Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.
Example
```

<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build
```
Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.
Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.
4

Demonstrate the Application

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
5

Is there any core feature that you have not implemented?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleJo miss hai honestly bolo + why (time). Agar examiner maange to quick plan: kahan add karoge.
6

Ask to show export CSV functionality and to explain what happens when you click on a button in frontend and how it works with respect to the code.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
7
Asked if I had configured email notification once the backend task was completed and if I used Gmail and asked ?

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleSMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — email bhejne ka standard. Flask-Mail / smtplib se reminders/reports.
Example
```
from flask_mail import Message
msg = Message('Subject', recipients=[user.email])
msg.body = 'Hello'
mail.send(msg)
```
Viva tipViva mein MailHog/inbox dikhao. Port 587 TLS common; local pe MailHog 1025.
8
What's something new you learnt after doing this project?

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: The proctor is really good and understanding. Be confident and know your code well.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1
What is Vue?

Times asked 6
Official solution

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.
Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.
MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.
Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.
Example
```

<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>
```
Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.
Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.
2
What is Redis? Why are we using Redis?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Example
```
import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))
```
Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.
Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.
3
What is Query Params?

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleQuery params URL ? ke baad: /search?q=mall. Flask: request.args.get('q').
Example
```
@app.route('/search')
def search():
    q = request.args.get('q', '')
    return ...
```
4
What is Celery? What is the advantage? Why do we need async job?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
5

Open notepad and write a endpoint to book appointment considering all imports are there

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
6

Open notepad and write how you displayed available appointments

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: Answer with confidence, sometimes over explaining helps and but was genuine person and even allowed consulting internet when I was not able to run a particular module in cmd

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1

difference between mad1 and mad2 project

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.
1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect
Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.
Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?
Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.
2

how did you implement csv job

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
3
cache invalidation

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.
Example
```
if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')
```
4
used token based or session based

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
5
celery beat and worker commands

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.
Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.
Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.
Example
```
celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info
```
Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).
Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.

Advice: use examples to explain be confident focus more on theory concepts

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1
CDN and CLI, have i used those in the project, token and sessions , schedule tasks.

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

Advice: he was kind and patiently waited for me to run the app. and he wished me for level 2.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1

Level 1 Viva by level 1_94

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2
Question- Show me full Project, focus on celery running or not, explain how celery works ,

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
3
Three code changes

Times asked 2
Official solution

Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Typical Flask flowBrowser request → @app.route controller → SQLAlchemy model/DB → Jinja template response.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
```
db.session.add(obj); db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('list_view'))
```
4
- change code to show all users data

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.
Example
```
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
```
5
- My monthly report was not running so fix that

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
6
- check APIs through thunder client etc

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleAPI = interface jisse systems baat karein. Web API usually JSON return karti hai.
Example
```
@app.route('/api/lots')
def api_lots():
    return jsonify([{'id': l.id, 'name': l.name} for l in Lot.query.all()])
```
7
- show if cookies are being made in browser

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
8

Not chill proctor, viva was about 55 mins.

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
9

Theory:-

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
10
Client vs distributed network

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).
CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.
CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.
Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.
Example
```

<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build
```
Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.
Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.
11
Cell spaceing vs cell padding

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
12
What is ORM explain

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
13
Explain full code of models.py

Times asked 3
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
14
What is db.model

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
```
with app.app_context():
    db.create_all()

db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
```
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
15

If some new booking happens how the apis and routes are working together explain process

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleNayi booking flow: UI form/button → route POST → login_required → validate seats → insert Booking → commit → redirect/flash.
Suggested flowBrowser → Flask route → Auth → Business rules → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Response template/JSON
16

Difference between back populate and back ref

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.
1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect
Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.
Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?
Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.
17

Coding:-

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
18

Change button color

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simpleexaminer UI tweak maangta hai — CSS class ya inline, instantly dikhao.
Button color: <button class='btn btn-success'> ya style='background:#22c55e;color:#fff'
Navbar: navbar-dark bg-success / style='background:yellow' / fixed-bottom se neeche.
Center: .wrap { display:flex; justify-content:center; align-items:center; min-height:100vh; }
text-align:center heading ke liye. Bootstrap: d-flex justify-content-center, mx-auto, text-center.
Hover: .btn:hover { opacity:0.8; transform:scale(1.02); }
Half width: class='col-6' ya width:50%. Row→column: flex-direction:column / col-12 stack.
Login card: card shadow p-4 mx-auto (max-width:400px).
Table header green: th { background:green; color:white; } Bold column: td:nth-child(2){font-weight:bold}
Box shadow: box-shadow: 4px 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
Background image: body { background: url('/static/bg.jpg') center/cover; }
Reset button: <button type='reset'>Clear</button>
Move button: ms-auto / position / flex order.
Jinja dashboard heading: <h1>{{ user.name }}'s Dashboard</h1>
19
Put sign up button to right side

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
20

Show me all users data (just thought process)

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
21

Super chill proctor patient and will help you as well, be confident and if you don't know something just say no don't mug up

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: Level1_94 May God save you Level3_25 super chill you are in good hands, be confident you ar going to get marks, just learn how to check APIs in thunderclient he might ask it.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1
- Change the scheduled jobs timing to minutes

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
2
- Show if the reminders are working

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — email bhejne ka standard. Flask-Mail / smtplib se reminders/reports.
Example
```
from flask_mail import Message
msg = Message('Subject', recipients=[user.email])
msg.body = 'Hello'
mail.send(msg)
```
Viva tipViva mein MailHog/inbox dikhao. Port 587 TLS common; local pe MailHog 1025.
3
- Explain how have implemented celery, show its execution

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
4

- How admin is being created

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
5
- Open a notepad and code : v-if component and a random route

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplev-if ghar se nikaal deta hai (DOM se). v-show sirf light band karta hai (display:none).
v-if false → element exist hi nahi — costly create/destroy, lekin secret HTML DOM mein nahi.
v-show → hamesha DOM, CSS hide, toggle tez.
Rare / permission UI: v-if (admin panel). Dropdown bar-bar: v-show.
: shorthand v-bind ka, v-if ka nahi.
Example
```
<div v-if="isAdmin">Admin panel</div>
<div v-show="open">Dropdown</div>
```
Project example: Admin links v-if="role==='admin'". FAQ accordion v-show="open".
Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.

Advice: Bro is quite fast, not at all helpful, just rude, and asks you to code in a notepad as well.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 14, 2026

Copy set link

1

Show the scheduled tasks (backend jobs - monthly report and daily remainder), Whether caching is implemented, show MailHog, demonstrate the project, CRUD operations, charts and summary statistics in admin and user page

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

Copy set link

1

Show your ID card.

Times asked 23

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe college ID — naam photo match. Identity viva ki pehli gate.
Pehle se haath mein, glare nahi. Examiner screenshot. Phir GitHub + portal ZIP run.
Name GitHub/portal se mismatch red flag.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: ID dikhao, bolo roll/name, phir screen share repo.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2
Show your GitHub collaborator.

Times asked 3
Official solution

SimpleRepo = evidence tumne kaam kiya: commits, collaborators, README.
Regular messages, last-day dump nahi. Private access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match.
Collaborator settings. Commit dates.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators: apna + teammate (agar allowed).
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Project example: Settings → Collaborators. git log --oneline. README run steps.
Viva tipPrivate repo access de do pehle. Main branch latest submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
3

Demonstrate the complete application.

Times asked 33

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
4
Demonstrate all CRUD operations.

Times asked 3
Official solution

SimpleCRUD 4 operations live: add list edit delete, list refresh.
REST mapping. Related bookings after delete ready answer.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Example
```
POST /api/venues → add
GET /api/venues → list
PUT /api/venues/3 → edit
DELETE /api/venues/3
```
Project example: Admin venues. Postman + UI dono.
Viva tipUpdate ke baad list refresh hoke naya data dikhe. Delete ke baad related bookings kya hoti hain, ready raho.
5
Demonstrate charts and summary statistics (Admin/User dashboard).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCounts API, bar/pie, booking ke baad number badle.
2 colors live task common.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Example
```
new Chart(ctx, {
  type: 'bar',
  data: { labels: ['Jan','Feb'], datasets: [{ data: [12, 19], backgroundColor: ['#36a','#f80'] }] }
})
```
Project example: Admin dashboard.
Viva tipBooking karke chart update dikhao. Examiner 2 colors maange to backgroundColor array chhota kar do.
6
Show MailHog.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMailHog local fake post office — email internet pe nahi jaata, browser mein dikhta hai.
SMTP 1025, Web UI 8025. Viva demo gold. Credentials nahi.
Real Gmail SMTP student accounts pe block common — MailHog safer.
Flask-Mail / SMTP se mail. Local MailHog fake server: SMTP 1025, UI 8025 — internet nahi, viva safe.
Asli send Celery task mein, request thread mein nahi. Beat 6pm reminder, export ke baad CSV attach optional.
MAIL_SERVER localhost demo. Gmail SMTP student account pe block common. Body mein user name personalization examiner dekhta hai.
Example
```
MAIL_SERVER=localhost
MAIL_PORT=1025
# http://localhost:8025
```
Project example: Reminder task → MailHog list → HTML body user name ke saath.
7
Show scheduled backend jobs (daily reminders, monthly reports).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
8

Show CSV export functionality.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplecsv celery trigger. Explain export theatres CSV which library. Show CSV export open file.
csv module standard.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: export task + sample file.
9

Explain what happens when a frontend button is clicked until the backend completes the task.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleClick → Vue method → fetch → Flask auth → DB → jsonify → Vue state → template. Celery: delay Redis worker email.
Button until backend completes: include jobs path if export.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Book button sequence 6 steps aloud.
10
Explain how the Admin user is created.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSeed create_app user_datastore admin. Hash password. Role attach. Static env vs DB.
How admin created. Show code.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
if not User.query.filter_by(email='admin@x.com').first():
    user_datastore.create_user(email='admin@x.com', password=hash_password('Admin@123'))
```
Project example: if not User.query.filter admin: create.
11
Explain how Celery is implemented and executed.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCelery instance, broker URL, @celery.task, worker command, Beat schedule.
DB use karte waqt with app.app_context():. .delay() JSON-serializable args.
Examiner files: celery.py / tasks.py / config beat dict / README commands.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Example
```
celery = Celery(__name__, broker='redis://localhost:6379/0')
@celery.task
def ping():
    return 'ok'
```
Project example: jobs.py daily_reminder, monthly_report, export_csv. config.py broker.
12

Explain how the CSV export job is implemented.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplecsv celery trigger. Explain export theatres CSV which library. Show CSV export open file.
csv module standard.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: export task + sample file.
13

Explain the API and route flow when a new booking is created.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleSelect → qty → POST {id,qty} → auth seats duplicate → commit → 201 → UI ticket.
API route flow new booking.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: book endpoint + Vue.
Project example: book endpoint + Vue.
14

Explain the models.py file.

Times asked 5

Official solution

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.
1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect
Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.
Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?
Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.
15

Explain db.Model.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simpledb = SQLAlchemy instance. db.Model base — inherit mapping. db engine/session/metadata alag.
Explain db vs model.py. Where init db object.
ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.
class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.
SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.
Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.
Project example: db = SQLAlchemy(); db.init_app(app); class X(db.Model).
16

Explain the difference between your MAD1 and MAD2 projects.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMAD1 Jinja MPA sessions. MAD2 Vue SPA REST JWT Redis Celery. Same domain CRUD, architecture jump.
Improvements: SPA, cache, jobs, JWT. Still add tests/cancel.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Reuse models idea, rewrite UI APIs jobs.
17

Is there any core feature you have not implemented?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleJo nahi kiya sach + reason + kaise add (model API Vue). Bluff worse.
Core feature not implemented? Milestone vs code.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: If complete, polish only. If missing export, plan celery csv.
18

What is something new you learned while building this project?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleEk concrete: JWT vs session, invalidation, beat vs worker, reactivity gotcha.
Something new while building.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Don't say 'everything'. One story.
19
Token-based vs Session-based authentication.

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleSession school id card office mein rakha. Token photocopy jo tum har baar dikhate ho.
Session: Set-Cookie, server store, MAD1 Flask-Login. CSRF risk cookies auto-send.
Token/JWT: SPA + alag port Vue/Flask, scale easy, mobile. XSS if localStorage.
MAD2 typically JWT/Flask-Security token. httpOnly cookie safer lekin CORS+CSRF extra.
Example
```
# session
login_user(user)  # Set-Cookie
# token
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(identity=user.id))
```
Project example: login jsonify token. Vue LS. MAD1 session cookie nahi dikhana unless used.
Viva tipToken localStorage XSS risk; httpOnly cookie safer. Session CSRF risk. MAD2 APIs ke liye JWT/Flask-Security token common.
20

Did you configure email notifications after backend tasks completed?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleYes task end mail / no would add. Show code honestly.
on_success optional.
Flask-Mail / SMTP se mail. Local MailHog fake server: SMTP 1025, UI 8025 — internet nahi, viva safe.
Asli send Celery task mein, request thread mein nahi. Beat 6pm reminder, export ke baad CSV attach optional.
MAIL_SERVER localhost demo. Gmail SMTP student account pe block common. Body mein user name personalization examiner dekhta hai.
Project example: export task last lines mail.send.
Project example: export task last lines mail.send.
21
What is Vue?

Times asked 6
Official solution

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.
Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.
MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.
Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.
Example
```

<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>
```
Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.
Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.
22
Vue CLI vs Vue CDN. Which one did you use and why?

Times asked 3
Official solution

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).
CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.
CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.
Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.
Example
```

<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build
```
Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.
Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.
23
What are Query Parameters?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleURL ?q=park&page=2 filters search pagination. Path params id.
What are Query Parameters.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
request.args.get('q')
// Vue: this.$route.query.q
```
Project example: request.args.get('q'). Vue $route.query.q.
24
What is Celery?

Times asked 19
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
25

Why do we use Celery?

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleIsliye ki user wait na kare, retry mil jaaye, 6pm automatic ho jaaye.
Slow work (mail, CSV, PDF) request se alag. Schedule crontab. Scale = aur workers.
JS async/await alag cheez hai (browser event loop). Celery server-side process.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: Reminder 6pm, monthly 1st, export button. Teen alag tasks.py functions.
26

Why are asynchronous jobs needed?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleSync line pe ruk jao (2+2). Async I/O pe wait karte hue baaki kaam chalte (fetch, Celery).
JS async ≠ Celery async jobs. Context se bolo.
Why async jobs: slow/scheduled/bulk off request thread.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Login sync hash check fast. Email Celery async. Vue fetch async.
27
What is Redis?

Times asked 21
Official solution

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Example
```
import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))
```
Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.
Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.
28

Why do we use Redis?

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleMAD2 course Redis isliye: ek tool mein cache + Celery broker.
Memcached sirf cache. RabbitMQ sirf queue. Redis dono + easy install.
Student project size pe SQLite + Redis kaafi. Production mein hosted Redis, persistence optional.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: requirements.txt: redis, Flask-Caching, celery. README: redis-server pehle chalao.
29
Difference between Celery Worker and Celery Beat.

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.
Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.
Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.
Example
```
celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info
```
Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).
Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.
30
Celery Beat and Worker commands.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.
Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.
Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.
Example
```
celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info
```
Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).
Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.
31

Change the scheduled jobs to run every minute.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTest ke liye dono jobs crontab(minute='*/1'), demo ke baad wapas original.
Beat restart. MailHog spam ho sakta hai — ek-do mails dikha ke revert.
Examiner scheduling samajh check karta hai, production cron nahi.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Change config, restart beat, worker log Task succeeded, MailHog UI.
32
Show that reminders are working.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
33
What is ORM?

Times asked 49
Official solution

SimpleORM = translator. Python object bolo, woh SQL mein baat kare.
Object Relational Mapper. Class User ↔ table user. Raw SQL kam.
SQLAlchemy MAD1/MAD2. Fayde: portable SQLite→Postgres, relationships, parameterized queries (injection kam).
Nuksaan: N+1, hidden SQL, complex reports pe raw better.
Direct sqlite3 se SQLAlchemy isliye: models, switch DB, safer queries.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(128), unique=True)
User.query.filter_by(email='a@b.com').first()
```
Project example: models.py db.Model. resources User.query.filter_by. Koi f-string SQL nahi.
Viva tipFayde: safe-ish, portable (SQLite→Postgres). Nuksaan: complex queries, N+1, leaky abstractions. Direct SQLite se SQLAlchemy isliye: models + injection protection + switch DB.
34
Difference between backref and back_populates.

Times asked 10
Official solution

Simplebackref jaadu se reverse attribute. back_populates dono taraf likho — clear.
backref='author' Post.author auto. New code back_populates preferred.
Examiner difference almost guaranteed.
ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.
class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.
SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.
Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.
Example
```
posts = db.relationship('Post', backref='author')
# vs
posts = db.relationship('Post', back_populates='author')
Post.author = relationship('User', back_populates='posts')
```
Project example: User.bookings / Booking.user dono explicit back_populates.
35

Difference between Client-Server and Distributed Architecture.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDistributed kai hosts: API, DB, Redis, workers. Client-server 2-tier simple.
MAD2 chhota distributed (processes). Not full microservices.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: 5 processes localhost = mini distributed.
36

Difference between cellspacing and cellpadding.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplecellpadding andar gap. cellspacing beech (old HTML). Aaj CSS padding/border-spacing.
Difference cellspacing cellpadding.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: We use CSS tables/bootstrap.
37

Is caching implemented?

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleHaan Redis routes X demo hit miss. Nahi: kaise add karte — decorator + redis + invalidation.
Don't lie. Examiner code dekhega.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: If yes open decorator. If no 4-step plan.
38
Explain cache invalidation.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleDB badli to purani copy phenk do, warna user jhooth dekhega.
Invalidation = cache key delete/update after create/update/delete.
Options: (1) cache.delete('venues') targeted (2) timeout auto-expire (3) cache.clear() nuclear — baaki routes bhi miss ho jaayenge.
Examiner: 'naya record insert kiya, cache purana' — write route mein delete dikhao, phir GET miss+hit demo.
Example
```
@app.route('/api/venues', methods=['POST'])
def create_venue():
    db.session.add(v)
    db.session.commit()
    cache.delete('venues')
    return jsonify(msg='created'), 201
```
Project example: POST /api/venues commit ke baad cache.delete. PUT/DELETE pe bhi same prefix.
Viva tipTimeout se auto-expire bhi hota hai. Create/update/delete ke baad related keys hatao.
39
Write a Vue v-if example.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleComponent + route ya template v-if/v-for/fetch. :key dena.
Clock interval + clear. Add numbers v-model.number. New page routes.js.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Example
```
<input v-model.number="a"><input v-model.number="b">
<p>{{ a + b }}</p>
```
Project example: views/Foo.vue + path. mounted fetch if API.
40

Write a random Flask route.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleAny GET jsonify. Mention methods return tuple status. Write a random Flask route.
Keep tiny.
Flask Python micro web framework. Route decorator URL → function. MAD2 mein JSON API: request.get_json(), jsonify, JWT.
WSGI: server (Werkzeug) app ko call. if __name__ == '__main__' sirf direct run. Factory create_app() test/celery ke liye.
Blueprint/resources folders. @app.route vs MethodView. Debug=True viva local, prod nahi. CORS alag port Vue ke liye.
Project example: /ping.
Project example: /ping.
41

Write an endpoint to book an appointment.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimplePOST book slot checks seats. Write endpoint book appointment.
400 overbook.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: bookings.
Project example: bookings.
42

Write an endpoint to apply for a drive.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimplePOST apply drive_id unique+elig. Write endpoint apply for drive.
201.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: applications.
Project example: applications.
43
Write a frontend form.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleform @submit.prevent inputs v-model button. Write a frontend form.
Don't full page reload.
ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.
class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.
SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.
Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.
Example
```
<form @submit.prevent="save">
  <input v-model="email" type="email" required>
  <button type="submit">Login</button>
</form>
```
Project example: Login.vue pattern.
44

Write the frontend code to display available appointments.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplemounted fetch /api/slots?available=1 v-for Book. Frontend display available appointments.
Auth header.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Appointments.vue.
Project example: Appointments.vue.
45
Change the button color.

Times asked 3
Official solution

SimpleLive CSS/Vue: sabse chhota change jo dikhe. Logic/API mat todo unless poochhein.
Inspect element se class dhoondo. btn-success, navbar bottom fixed, center flex.
Save, refresh, dikhao. Break mat karo layout poora.
Example
```
<button class="btn btn-success">Login</button>
nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
.wrap { min-height: 100vh; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; }
```
Project example: Jo button/navbar poocha usi file (Navbar.vue / App.vue / css).
Viva tipDevTools se element inspect. Logic/API mat todo unless poochhein.
46

Move the Sign Up button to the top-right.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleNavbar d-flex; ms-auto on signup. Bootstrap right push.
Move button vs CSS only.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Navbar.vue link order + ms-auto.
Project example: Navbar.vue link order + ms-auto.
47

Modify the application to display all users.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleAdmin GET /api/users no passwords. Table v-for. Modify display all users.
RBAC admin.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: serialize without hash.
Project example: serialize without hash.
48

Fix the monthly report scheduler.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplecrontab day, timezone, beat not running, empty query, logs.
Schedule now to demo. Restart beat.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: Fix schedule + worker log error read.
49

Verify APIs using Thunder Client/Postman.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMethod URL Headers Authorization JSON body. 200/401 bina Vue — backend prove.
Login copy token. Collection. Thunder Client same.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Show 3 requests. Examiner loves this.
50

Show browser cookies.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleApplication Cookies. JWT LS ho to cookies empty — dono jagah dikhao. Whether cookies created.
Show browser cookies.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: If session cookie name. If not explain JWT.

See reviews Level1_94 MAD1 Level 1

Jul 30, 2026

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1

Show your College ID.

Times asked 16

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe clearly IITM/college ID dikhao — naam photo match.
Pehle se ID haath mein rakho. Glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2

Show your GitHub repository.

Times asked 9

Official solution

SimpleGitHub repo public/private policy ke hisaab, MAD-1 collaborator add, commits dikhao.
Repo → Settings → Collaborators → instructor added.
Commits: git log / GitHub History — regular commits better, ek dum 1 commit suspicious.
README + report mein AI usage likha hona chahiye agar use kiya.
3

Download the project from the Viva Portal.

Times asked 7

Official solution

SimpleExaminer submitted ZIP chahta hai, local extra changes nahi.
Portal se ZIP download → extract → venv → pip install -r requirements.txt → flask run / python app.py.
Checksum maange to hash match karke dikhao. Camera/OPPE setup unke instructions.
Linux/Mac: paths, gunicorn; Windows paths alag ho to relative paths use karo.
Do browsers: admin + user parallel demo impressive lagta hai.
4

Demonstrate the application.

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
5

Perform all CRUD operations.

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleCRUD = Create, Read, Update, Delete — kisi bhi resource ke 4 basic operations.
Create: POST, db.session.add(new_user); commit() — register, add trek.
Read: GET, User.query.all() — dashboard list.
Update: POST/PUT, user.name = 'Ram'; commit() — edit profile.
DeletePOST/DELETE, db.session.delete(obj); commit().
REST mapping: POST create, GET read, PUT/PATCH update, DELETE delete.
Admin panel mein yeh 4 dikhana viva demo ka common task hai.
6
Open the application in Incognito mode and explain why the user is not logged in.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Typical Flask flowBrowser request → @app.route controller → SQLAlchemy model/DB → Jinja template response.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
```
db.session.add(obj); db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('list_view'))
```
7

Explain app.py.

Times asked 3

Official solution

SimpleRoutes/controllers URLs handle karte hain. app.py app banata hai, models.py data, templates/ views, static/ CSS-JS.
Typical structure:
app.py / __init__.py → Flask app, db.init, register blueprints
models.py → tables
routes.py / views → @app.route functions
templates/ → Jinja HTML
static/ → css, images
instance/*.db → SQLite
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
8

Explain os.getenv().

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simple mix of small concepts examiners poochte hain:
Enum: fixed choices (status = pending/approved). Python Enum ya DB Enum column.
Lambda: one-line anonymous function. key=lambda x: x.name sort ke liye.
datetime: dates/times. timedelta(days=1) yesterday. default=datetime.utcnow.
os.getenv('SECRET_KEY') environment se config, hardcode nahi. .env alternative: actual OS env, config.py, vault.
HTML metadata: <meta charset>, <meta name='viewport'> — page ke baare mein, body content nahi.
HTTP metadata: headers (Content-Type, Set-Cookie).
Request payload: body data (JSON/form).
Namespace: naam collide na hon (Blueprint name, Python packages).
Plugins: extra packages (Flask-Login). Package vs module: package folder with __init__, module ek .py file.
9
Explain the configuration variables (e.g., SECRET_KEY and other app configuration parameters).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSECRET_KEY Flask ka secret jisse session cookies sign/encrypt hoti hain.
```
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = os.getenv('SECRET_KEY', 'dev-key')
```
Iske bina session/flash unreliable ya insecure. Key leak = attacker session forge kar sakta hai.
Hardcode mat karo production mein — .env / environment variable. Flash messages bhi session use karti hain, isliye SECRET_KEY se related hain.
Hataane pe session kaam nahi / warning. Change karne pe purane sessions invalid.
SimpleConfig (SECRET_KEY, DB URI) code se bahar environment mein rakho.
os.getenv('SECRET_KEY') ya python-dotenv .env file load.
Alternative: real OS env, config.py classes (Dev/Prod), Docker secrets. .env gitignore karo.
Folder name change se .env path toot sakta hai — relative Path(__file__) use karo.
10
Explain @login_required.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple@login_required / custom decorator check karta hai session mein user hai ya nahi, nahi to login pe bhejta hai.
```
def login_required(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def wrapper(*a, **k):
        if 'user_id' not in session:
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        return f(*a, **k)
    return wrapper

@app.before_request se bhi global check ho sakta hai.
```
Decorator order: pehle @app.route, uske neeche @login_required generally. Swap karoge to kabhi route register galat ho sakta hai — Flask-Login docs follow karo.
Role decorator @role_required('admin') authorization ke liye. Order matter karta hai: pehle auth, phir role.
11
Explain before_request and how you used it.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple@login_required / custom decorator check karta hai session mein user hai ya nahi, nahi to login pe bhejta hai.
```
def login_required(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def wrapper(*a, **k):
        if 'user_id' not in session:
            return redirect(url_for('login'))
        return f(*a, **k)
    return wrapper

@app.before_request se bhi global check ho sakta hai.
```
Decorator order: pehle @app.route, uske neeche @login_required generally. Swap karoge to kabhi route register galat ho sakta hai — Flask-Login docs follow karo.
Role decorator @role_required('admin') authorization ke liye. Order matter karta hai: pehle auth, phir role.
12
Create a new route and a corresponding template.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh project-specific feature add/modify hai. 4 layers touch karo: model, route, template, validation.
1) Data chahiye to models.py mein column/relationship + DB update (ALTER / migrate / create_all).
2) Route: GET pe form/page, POST pe request.form se save, flash + redirect.
3) Template: input name=... Jinja se {{ obj.field }} display.
4) Rule: duplicate, range, role check backend pe.
Example naya field 'city':
```
user.city = db.Column(db.String(50))
user.city = request.form.get('city')
<input name='city'>  ...  {{ user.city }}
```
13
Display all users in the new route.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh list filter/sort/display task hai. Query badlo, template same rakh sakte ho.
```
rows = Model.query.filter_by(status='approved').order_by(Model.name.asc()).all()
```
Jinja: {% for r in rows %}<tr><td>{{ r.name|upper }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}
```
{{ rows|length }} count dikhane ke liye.
```
Alphabet sort: order_by(Model.name). Status filter: filter_by(status='pending').
Assigned staff column: relationship se {{ booking.staff.name }}.
14
Modify the template to display only usernames instead of object representations.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh list filter/sort/display task hai. Query badlo, template same rakh sakte ho.
```
rows = Model.query.filter_by(status='approved').order_by(Model.name.asc()).all()
```
Jinja: {% for r in rows %}<tr><td>{{ r.name|upper }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}
```
{{ rows|length }} count dikhane ke liye.
```
Alphabet sort: order_by(Model.name). Status filter: filter_by(status='pending').
Assigned staff column: relationship se {{ booking.staff.name }}.
15
What is ORM?

Times asked 49
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
```
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
16
Why is ORM used?

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
```
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
17

Full form of CRUD.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCRUD = Create, Read, Update, Delete — kisi bhi resource ke 4 basic operations.
Create: POST, db.session.add(new_user); commit() — register, add trek.
Read: GET, User.query.all() — dashboard list.
Update: POST/PUT, user.name = 'Ram'; commit() — edit profile.
DeletePOST/DELETE, db.session.delete(obj); commit().
REST mapping: POST create, GET read, PUT/PATCH update, DELETE delete.
Admin panel mein yeh 4 dikhana viva demo ka common task hai.
18

What is Cascade?

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleCascade parent ke saath child pe automatic action (generally delete).
Company delete → uski drives bhi delete, warna orphan rows / FK error.
SQLAlchemy: db.relationship('Drive', cascade='all, delete-orphan', backref='company')
SQL: ForeignKey(..., ondelete='CASCADE')
Cascade sirf delete nahi: save-update, merge, refresh-expire, expunge, delete-orphan.
Cascade Update: parent PK change to child FK update (rare, PK mat badlo).
Parent delete jab children active hon: constraint error, ya cascade se children gayab, ya pehle children handle karo — design choice examiner poochta hai.
CSS cascading alag topic hai (styles inherit/override).
19
Difference between {% %} and {{ }} in Jinja.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple{{ }} value print, {% %} logic (if/for), {# #} comment.
```
{{ user.name }} → HTML mein naam dikhega
{% if user.role == 'admin' %} ... {% endif %} → condition
{% for t in treks %} {{ t.name }} {% endfor %} → loop
{# yeh comment browser mein nahi jaata #}
```
Object access: {{ reservation.spot.lot.name }} — relationship follow karke nested data.
List pass kiya to loop, single object to .field.
20
Why is Jinja used?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine hai. HTML ke andar Python-jaisa data print/loop/if kar sakte ho.
Bina Jinja har user ke liye alag HTML file. Jinja se ek template + data.
```
{{ user.name }} print, {% for x in items %} loop, {% if %} condition, {% extends %} layout.
```
Example routereturn render_template('dash.html', treks=treks)
dash.html: {% for t in treks %}<li>{{ t.name }}</li>{% endfor %}
HTML files templates/ folder mein isliye kyunki Flask default wahan dhundhta hai. render_template Jinja ko run karta hai.
Boolean Jinja handle karta hai: {% if user.is_admin %}.
21

What frontend and backend frameworks have you used?

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleFrontend user jo dekhta/click karta hai, Backend server logic + database.
Frontend: HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Jinja templates, thoda JS. Browser pe chalta hai.
Backend: Flask routes, SQLAlchemy, session, validation. Python server pe.
Data flow: form POST → Flask request.form → DB save → render_template/redirect → HTML dikha.
MAD1 typical stack: Flask + Jinja + SQLAlchemy + SQLite + Bootstrap.
22

What is the PUT method?

Times asked 1

Official solution

Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
23

Explain RESTful API and HTTP methods.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleHTTP methods batate hain request kya karna chahti hai. Common: GET POST PUT PATCH DELETE.
GETread/fetch. Safe, URL se. Page kholna, search.
POSTcreate/submit. Form, login.
PUTpoora replace/update. Idempotent.
PATCHpartial update.
DELETEhataana.
HEAD: sirf headers. OPTIONS: CORS preflight.
Flask: @app.route('/x', methods=['GET','POST'])
Agar methods na likho to default sirf GET.
HTML form native sirf GET/POST. PUT/DELETE JS/fetch ya hidden _method se.
GET se data fetch ho sakta hai, create nahi karna chahiye. POST se theoretically fetch ho sakta hai lekin cache/semantics galat.
DELETE fetch ke liye nahi. GET POST ka kaam officially nahi karta — side effects GET pe mat rakho.
24
Why didn't you use the PUT method?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePOST nayi cheez create karta hai, PUT existing cheez ko replace/update karta hai.
POST /books → naya book add. Har baar naya ID banega. Idempotent nahi — 2 baar POST = 2 records.
PUT /books/5 → id=5 wale book ko poora update. Same PUT dubara bhejo to same result (idempotent).
PUT se create bhi ho sakta hai (agar ID client decide kare), lekin REST convention: create = POST, replace = PUT, partial = PATCH.
Example
```
@app.route('/user', methods=['POST'])          # register naya user
@app.route('/user/<int:id>', methods=['PUT'])  # poora profile replace
```
HTML <form> PUT nahi bhejta, isliye Flask apps mein edit pe bhi POST use hota hai. Examiner ko yeh reason clearly bolo.
25
What is the purpose of the default parameter in SQLAlchemy columns (e.g., default=1)?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSQLAlchemy Python ka sabse popular ORM hai. MAD1 mein Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper use hota hai.
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
```
class Book(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)

Operations: db.session.add(obj), .commit(), .delete(obj), Model.query.all(), .filter_by(), .get_or_404(id).
db.Model ek class hai (function nahi). db object engine + session + metadata hold karta hai.
```
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False extra signals band karta hai, performance warning hatati hai.
Simplenullable=False matlab column khali nahi. default seedha value. Query objects lazy hote hain jab tak .all/.first.
```
age = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=True)  # optional
status = db.Column(db.String(20), default='pending')
```
__tablename__ = 'users' # table name override
User.query.all() → list of User. .first() → User ya None. .get_or_404(id) → User ya 404.
filter_by(...) Query object return karta hai, execute .all() pe. Type: BaseQuery / list after all().
db.func.count(User.id) aggregate. Empty table render: loop 0 baar, crash nahi agar code sahi.
26
Difference between frontend validation and backend validation.

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleFrontend validation UX ke liye, Backend validation security ke liye. Dono chahiye, backend zyada important hai.
Frontend: HTML required, minlength, JS/regex. User ko turant error dikhta hai. Bypass easy (DevTools / Postman).
Backend: Flask route mein checks. Asli security yahi hai. Hacker frontend skip karke POST bhej sakta hai.
Example frontend
```
<input type='number' min='18' max='99' required>
```
Example backend
```
age = int(request.form.get('age') or 0)
if age < 18 or age >= 100:
    flash('Invalid age')
    return redirect(url_for('register'))
```
Viva line'Frontend convenience hai, backend source of truth hai.'

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