Generally calm and student-friendly. Described as nice/helpful by students
Questioning style
Often probes theory concepts. Expects you to know and possibly modify your project code
Preparation tips
• Read the questions asked previously by the examiners.
• Pray to God😂 or Study(focus on Google sheets questions)
• Be very calm and practice all the theory questions from this Excel sheet. The examiner will throw questions at you one after the other. He will try his best to confuse you. Be very clear and firm in your answers. He will keep asking questions until you get stuck somewhere. Stay calm.
• Try your best to answer the questions. Complete all the theory part and all the very best.
• The presentation, questions and code changes happen in one continuous flow. Especially viva with this proctor will be like rapid-fire round, but he's calm, will provide suggestions and will correct you at times.
Stay calm, be clear with the theory concepts and answer confidently.
All the Best!!
• Read these questions mentioned in the doc
• it was hurried but ok, if you are prepared well beforhand you can keep your calm
• Just focus on this Viva Response Sheet, especially the section for your Proctor ID.
• Just be confident, and know about the basics of different things
• He is pretty chill. Go through the questions on the Google Sheets carefully. He often repeats the same questions. He tends to rush you when asking theory-related ones. Good luck :)
• Just thoroughly go through the response sheet it's more than enough
• It was like a rapid fire round, he repeats the same questions, just go through the questions asked by Level3_12 proctor alone. That's more than enough. You can survive. He rushes, expects to make things quickly. But he was cool, explained how could it have been done when we went wrong.
• Proctor is calm, suggests changes in between viva for future purposes, if asked for review or remarks, he will guide you and suggest desirable changes. He'll interrupt you in between,while answering some ques because he gets the answer because of the way of you answering, some expected points you mentioned. Whatever he says, nod in yes like "Yes sir, you are right, will try to improve in next one ". And that's all. All the very best for Viva 2.
• he was in rush but humble enough to ask the same old questions so you dont have to study everything...just follow what what he already asked as mentioned here by previous students and study the relevent stuff around it from this pdf to ensure full confidence around that topic:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nsi9TrBXF03Akz5WrJQ8M53NhBLn-XfG/view?usp=sharing
I prepared this way and it went so hell above my expectation XD
• good proctor follow the sheet he asks almost same questions
• Go through all questions in this sheet, and use gpt to explain each along with cross questions and answers
• He is genuine and nice person. Prepare well, you will do good.
• he gives advice, tells best practices and overall a very chill proctor but he gives many suggestion and explains also what could have been done more...overall he was friendly , viva with him is a rapid fire round asks a lot of questions in theory
• He is asked all questions from the sheet. so be thorough with the sheet questions n ur good to go
• He will interrupt you a lot and ask lots of questions both about code and theory and he will rush you, just stay calm and be polite, pause to understand his question before answering. If you are thorough with this sheet for his previous questions you will be able to get by. Make sure you are confident shout your project functionalities and limitations he will test this.
• Read the sheet most ques from pyqs
• Know your code well, especially the models. Check the questions from this sheet.
• Review previous question from sheet.
He's nice , helps you if you get stuck anywhere.
• he will grill a lot - rapid fire qs but dont worry chill
• He will say we don't have time but don't rush he will rush let him cook!!
Know all things at least say one line to everything if you don't try to explain through his questions he is asking
• Nice proctor
• his all questions from sheet .....ditto same
he was like mai jo puchta hu sare puch hi lunga not like rapid fire.....
i went his all question in this sheet from 2023......jisne bhi ye shhet create kiya hai usko mera big big thank you
Best of Luck
• Really chill guy, it will go smoothly if you don't argue with him and listen to his advice. Prepare the questions present in this sheet, he will repeat them.
If you end up stuck during the viva, he will help out
• My viva was supposed to be at 10am, I had joined at 10, then at 10 15 another person(not the proctor) joined and told me that the examiner is not available and will join at 7pm, I agreed and joined at 7pm then the same person joined and told me to wait till 7:30, then the proctor finally joined at 7:30. The viva lasted till 8:30.
One thing to note is there will be a lot of disturbance in the background when the proctor is unmuted.
He will give a lot of feedback and changes that you can make to the project.
• He's pretty fast in asking questions so yep try to catch up
• he will ask questions like rapid fire round. just focus on core logic of code understand app.py and models.py properly each and every line. he will switch from db to backend to frontend frequently to test your decision in panic mode and ask questions
• This proctor will play you very fast. He is in rapid-fire mode. You will have to match his speed. Go though your app very thoroughly and questions everything that you have done in your app. The proctor doesn't go into much detail as soon as you say 1-2 line, he will immediately move on to another questions.
Tips for this examiner: Read the questions asked previously by the examiners.
Student reviews
...MAD1
This proctor will play you very fast. He is in rapid-fire mode. You will have to match his speed. Go though your app very thoroughly and questions everything that you have done in your app. The proctor doesn't go into much detail as soon as you say 1-2 line, he will immediately move on to another questions.
Questions remembered
Viva Level 2:
Duration: 40-42 mins
Questions:
95% of the questions were form this response sheet only. Just go through them and you're golden.
Extra questions:
He asked me what is the default size of storing a variable in a column in the DB if we have not specified the size.
Coding:
I didn't have a price column so my task was to add the price column in Treks table, add balance column in Users table. Make is such that when someone books, the user's balance is also managed properly. I was coding the last part (that cancelling a booking refunds your balance but he told me to stop right there.)
DarshilMAD1
he will ask questions like rapid fire round. just focus on core logic of code understand app.py and models.py properly each and every line. he will switch from db to backend to frontend frequently to test your decision in panic mode and ask questions
Questions remembered
LEVEL 2:
1.self introduction
2.demo of project
3.ask to login in admin,staff,treker
4.add trek,edit trek,book trek
5.explain models.py
6.mvc
7.mvc in my code
8.what is orm
9.which orm i used
10.why used orm
11.what is VCS
12.what is git
13.which type of vcs is git
14.what is distributed vcs
15.distributed vs centralized vcs
16.2 tier vs 3 tier architecture
17.which architecture i have used in my project
18.which template i have used
19.what jinja will do
20.template inheritance
21.client server
22.get vs post
23.https vs http
24.which method is more secure https or http and why?
25.by what https is more secure
26.db.create_all()
27.id vs name
28.when the form is submitted to route what happens in backend explain each step
29.stateless
30.if http is stateless then how it remembers the user
31.session vs cookie
33.use of git other than tracking
34.@property in models.py
35.relationship vs foreignkey in model.py
36.how route send data in get method
37.what is sqlalchemy
38.what is block content in tempplate inheritance
39.add one discount price section in trek like if i put price 5000 as admin then it will show 2500 user because admin giving 50% discount
40.how many types of server are there
41.ssuggest some models.py changes that will optimize code and reduce redudency
42.and many more questions
Nitin dasMAD1
He's pretty fast in asking questions so yep try to catch up
Questions remembered
Define MVC
Difference between http and https
What is DOM? It is effective against which side client/server?
What is meant by stateless
What is the purpose of git technology
In html input field(id and name attributes) which is client and server side?
Explain how the tables are created in python that u have defined in models
Gave a task to add a field(pin code) in drive model and to display it in the create drive form
Which tier is your app 2-tier or 3-tier? Name the elements
AnonymousMAD1
My viva was supposed to be at 10am, I had joined at 10, then at 10 15 another person(not the proctor) joined and told me that the examiner is not available and will join at 7pm, I agreed and joined at 7pm then the same person joined and told me to wait till 7:30, then the proctor finally joined at 7:30. The viva lasted till 8:30. One thing to note is there will be a lot of disturbance in the background when the proctor is unmuted. He will give a lot of feedback and changes that you can make to the project.
Questions remembered
Asked to introduce myself
Asked to show ID
You can run using either checksum or by downloading on portal
He will ask a few simple questions while you are running the program like can you set a deadline for the job, will the student be able to see the deadline. Viva questions-
GET vs POST
DOM
https vs http
2 and 3 tier architecture, explain the level with respect to project
Show MVC in your project and explain
Explain models.py file 7)Id and name client or server side
Advantages of git 9)Which template are you using in the project?(Answer - Jinja) 10)What is ORM and which are you using?
Asked to add job_location in the company dashboard when the company is posting a job.
He will ask you to open a page in your website, and will ask you to show that html file in the code to make changes.
DebanshiMAD1
Really chill guy, it will go smoothly if you don't argue with him and listen to his advice. Prepare the questions present in this sheet, he will repeat them. If you end up stuck during the viva, he will help out
Questions remembered
Level 2
DOM
GET vs POST
Which database used? Code to create db in your file
What is used for template inheritance- Jinja
Types of Servers
Sessions and cookies
HTTPS and HTTP
GIT- advantages
VCS
MVC
Id and name in HTML difference and side they are-client or server
What happens when you click submit button- explain using your code file
Explain all the Models in detail
Add a new field pincode in your form. (You will have to first add it in model, route and then template. Before running remember exit the server and delete the db file)
Add a new field in your table
Rest there were a few more questions that came up while demonstrating my code.
SKMAD1
his all questions from sheet .....ditto same he was like mai jo puchta hu sare puch hi lunga not like rapid fire..... i went his all question in this sheet from 2023......jisne bhi ye shhet create kiya hai usko mera big big thank you
Best of Luck
Questions remembered
(VIVA-2)
sare jo sheet me 2023 se hai ditto whi puche 1-2 to yaad bhi nhi sir ki voice kabhi kabhi low thi but wo khud repeat kr de rhe the, questions puche the ditto sheet me
ask my name, rollnumber then soft copy of my ID then intro, which i gave about me with projtopic
MVC ?show mn in your proj codes models, view, controller
GIT and its use
GET vs POST
Can we send data to get ? Is it possible
Check functionality few only
Explain models
ORM and which orm are you using and after my answers he double checked are you sure ?
Explain any specific route
Or check my 1-2 html files admin_dashboard, login
Template enheritace ?? Are you using it show me where and also where other html files inheriting it or not
Which code is used to create table
How html connected to routes
Http vs https and how https is more secure
Which symbols are used for id and class in css.
DOM did you know ??
Git is centralised or distributed?? What is distributed means here ??
name types of css and precedence
did you know 2 layer and 3 layer
what is stateless after my answer he asked what we do to handle this what we can use my answer was session
Code change last me add pincode in drive like location also give hint similar like location add in models, routes gave me hint also
Hope I added all questions....bs 1-2 yaad nhi lekin wo the isi sheet se hi
Sheet responseMAD1
Nice proctor
Questions remembered
Level 2:-
-Idcard and downloading zipfile from viva portal
-Asked demo { checked some core functionalites }
-Asked to point out website particular page in code and we should explain
-Asked to show mvc in code
And explaining flow like route and mode and template connection with some example from code
-asked to add pincode in creating drive
{ It should able to store the pincode into database also}
Asked some theory questions just refer to previous responses that are same mostly
Sheet responseMAD1
He will say we don't have time but don't rush he will rush let him cook!!
Know all things at least say one line to everything if you don't try to explain through his questions he is asking
Questions remembered
ORM
VCS and he loves database models.py
2 tier and 3 tier
Backref
GET POST
How html pages connecting routes
Template Inheritance
Client server ( know everything about it)
All the questions from him in this sheet
db.create_all()
Code change : i have to Make a job_location in create_drive !!
SubhamMAD1
he will grill a lot - rapid fire qs but dont worry chill
Questions remembered
Same as previous qs - check the sheet
exact same qs
Sheet responseMAD1
Review previous question from sheet. He's nice , helps you if you get stuck anywhere.
Questions remembered
VIVA 2
introduction
demo
while giving demo gave some suggested some change to improve application
then asked MVC and explain models.py and how db is created
then asked to add pincode in placement drive and make changes in all MVC - gave 10 minutes
theory :
DOM (also asked how can we get element by its ID)
name and id and which is server side and which is client side
MVC
three tiered or two tiered application and which are the tiers
types of servers
Took around 50 minutes
Sheet responseMAD1
Know your code well, especially the models. Check the questions from this sheet.
Questions remembered
Viva 2:
ID and project demo
during the demo he suggested improvements and explained why they are useful
checked a few core functionalities
explain models.py
relationships
MVC and show in code
explain create_drive route
GET vs POST
can GET send data and how
which is more secure and why
show a template and explain what happens when a form is submitted
what database you used
ORM
3-tier architecture
VCS
git
is it distributed
how is it useful
HTTP vs HTTPS
which is secure and why
wht is statelessness
if HTTP is stateless how does it remember the user / how data persists
many other questions similar to previous questions by the same proctor
code:
add location in Placement Drive
change the route
update HTML (Jinja) in 10 minutes
KrrishMAD1
Read the sheet most ques from pyqs
Questions remembered
Vcs git distributed or not and how
Types of server
Dom
Get vs post
Orm
Db used
Explanation of create drive route
Changes in code
Was told to add location of column in placementdrive table
Sheet responseMAD1
He will interrupt you a lot and ask lots of questions both about code and theory and he will rush you, just stay calm and be polite, pause to understand his question before answering. If you are thorough with this sheet for his previous questions you will be able to get by. Make sure you are confident shout your project functionalities and limitations he will test this.
Questions remembered
LEVEL2 VIVA
okay, so it started with him asking me to download the project and then run it
during the demo, he asked lots of questions in between about what functionalities were possible and what wasn’t and he asked specific work flows to be shown like for example, delete a company and then try and login as that company to see if it still is accessible and different things like that, so make sure you’re very thorough with the flow of your project
Now coming to the theory questions that he asked:
MVC and to show it in the project where I’ve used it
ORM and whether I have used it in my project. HTTP versus HTTPS
Get versus post
DOM
Asked me to explain specific routes and the logic used in them
Client and server side responsibilities
Asked many more questions check the previous responses all similar to that (it was for 1hr)
For the code change:
Asked me to add a Pincode section in the form for placement drive information that is posted by the company and asked me to run and show it (gave 10mins to code and run)
--MAD1
He is asked all questions from the sheet. so be thorough with the sheet questions n ur good to go
Questions remembered
LEVEL 2
ID, Download project or checksum 0.1. Introduce Yourself,
Project demo (a little guided; like ... now do this)
Explain all the Models in code 2.1. He gave some worthy and gentle suggestions for good practice I didnt use ORM, i used raw sql. So he asked me why i didnt use? If i would hv used, he would hv asked few questions on that.
Asked me to open certain page "Admin" > "Add Doctor" 4.1. then asked me to show the corresponding template in code 4.2. Where is the submit button (I showed it in template code) 4.3. Asked me to show & explain "Add Doctor" route handler function also
on add doctor page, add new field in form "Fee" -- He as guide said me that you need to make 3 changes: -- Template, Route handler & Model 5.3. He asked me to update a view of doctor table, to see Fee -- It was a template change
Difference between GET and POST
Difference between id and name
What is template inheritance
What is more secure HTTP or HTTPS (I said HTTPS) 9.1. Why? - How is data secured in HTTPS?
What type of VCS is GIT? 11.1. How is GIT helpful? Why do we use GIT?
How is session managed? (session and cookies concept)
Nishant KulshresthaMAD1
he gives advice, tells best practices and overall a very chill proctor but he gives many suggestion and explains also what could have been done more...overall he was friendly , viva with him is a rapid fire round asks a lot of questions in theory
Questions remembered
Same code changes (consultation fee one)+ same questions were asked....he asks many question on models its his favourite and check some core functionalities too
RonMAD1
He is genuine and nice person. Prepare well, you will do good.
Questions remembered
ID, Download project or checksum, 0.1. Introduce Yourself,
Project demo (a little guided; like ... now do this)
Explain all the Models in code 2.1. He gave some worthy and gentle suggestions for good practice 2.2. Because I used password hashing, he asked me which one, "SHA" was my answer 2.3. What does this "backref" do? (in relationships) 2.4. I used "lazy" also, so said half line about it 2.5. How are creating all your tables? I used "db.create_all()"
What is ORM? (Theory Question) 3.1. What are ORM's benefit? 3.2. Show me ORM in your project.
Asked me to open certain page "Admin" > "Add Doctor" 4.1. then asked me to show the corresponding template in code 4.2. Where is the submit button (I showed it in template code) 4.3. Asked me to show & explain "Add Doctor" route handler function also
on add doctor page, add new field in form "Fee" -- He as guide said me that you need to make 3 changes: -- Template, Route handler & Model 5.1. Show me the Fee in sqlite DB (allowed to use any tool) -- I wasn't aware how to do that 5.2. Then how did you check your database implementation -- I said through coding output only 5.3. He asked me to update a view of doctor table, to see Fee -- It was a template change
Difference between GET and POST
Difference between id and name
What is template inheritance
What is more secure HTTP or HTTPS (I said HTTPS) 9.1. Why? - How is data secured in HTTPS?
When a form is submitted, and route is not defined, then which route it goes to?
What type of VCS is GIT? 11.1. How is GIT helpful? Why do we use GIT?
How is session managed? (session and cookies concept) [I hope I am not missing anything]
-MAD1
Go through all questions in this sheet, and use gpt to explain each along with cross questions and answers
Questions remembered
Login as admin, show adding department, doctor, CRUD on doctor/department
Login as patient, book appointment, show medical history (appointment prescription etc)
Login as doctor, change doctor availability, show patient history
Show models.py and explain attributes in each model (overview )
Given 10 mins- show fee for doctor and admin should be able to add fee fir doctor while creating and save in db
Ans: ( added fee field in Doctor Model, added input type text and name=fee in html, then retrieve fee = request.args.get(“fee”) and then add it while creating Doctor(fee=fee, other fields here)
What is https, why its secure
What is ORM, Why do we use it
What is DOM
Which templating language used (ans jinja)
What is Stateless
When http is stateless, how we use login and it remembers ( ans we use session to store user id)
What is template inheritance
Which is client side and server side in name and id ( ans: name :server side, id: client side)
Git is distributed? What distributed means here
Uses of Git ( Tracking, Collaborate..etc)
Which version control system used ( Git)
Difference between GET and POST ( ans: Get for fetching and displaying data, POST for sending data)
can we send data using GET ( ans: yes we can send and it will be visible in url as query param so only non sensitive data should be, while for sensitive we should use POST )
In deployment, is this 2-tier or 3tier ( ans : 3 tier brower, server , and db server )
Notes:
Total time: 50 mins
He is in hurry up mode, asks question then you can gave him brief answer quickly
He will give you feedback in between like this id is redundant in model
Sheet responseMAD1
good proctor follow the sheet he asks almost same questions
Questions remembered
demo of the app
git is distributed or centralized?
use of git other than tracking?
what is the more use of distributed how it is better than centralized ? indepth knowledge of git and distributed vcs
GET vs POST and their uses
how is the database created show me in ur code?
how is users logged in some apps for a long time like how they are logged in for so long?
what is the id and name in the html ?
DOM
which language can manipulate DOM?
ORM?
indepth explanation of models.py
only two basic changes
prevent user from adding more than 10 characters in the password
show the consultation fee in the patient dashboard
MiruthulMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Change color of button on hover; Implement negative scoring system in the quiz; 3 types of ways to import css
Questions remembered
Change color of button on hover
Implement negative scoring system in the quiz
3 types of ways to import css
Difference between get and post
KavishaMAD1
he was in rush but humble enough to ask the same old questions so you dont have to study everything...just follow what what he already asked as mentioned here by previous students and study the relevent stuff around it from this pdf to ensure full confidence around that topic: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nsi9TrBXF03Akz5WrJQ8M53NhBLn-XfG/view?usp=sharing I prepared this way and it went so hell above my expectation XD
Questions remembered
Viva Lvl 1---- More or less like previous responses in this sheet except for these questions ----
Is your database normalised?
Is your database in 1nf, 2nf or 3 nf?
What is Flask WTF?
What is CORS?
What can SQLAlchemy do besides being an ORM?
Viva Lvl 2 ---- nothing newer than his previous questions from this sheet ----
ASMAD1
Proctor is calm, suggests changes in between viva for future purposes, if asked for review or remarks, he will guide you and suggest desirable changes. He'll interrupt you in between,while answering some ques because he gets the answer because of the way of you answering, some expected points you mentioned. Whatever he says, nod in yes like "Yes sir, you are right, will try to improve in next one ". And that's all. All the very best for Viva 2.
Questions remembered
Everything that is present in this sheet for proctor id 3_12. Go through all the question.
And for frontend and backend changes, he asked me
to restrict the user to enter only 10 Chars for username
to store the subject name in database in capital format
to change the colour when we hover cursor on register/login button.
MithraMAD1
It was like a rapid fire round, he repeats the same questions, just go through the questions asked by Level3_12 proctor alone. That's more than enough. You can survive. He rushes, expects to make things quickly. But he was cool, explained how could it have been done when we went wrong.
Questions remembered
MVC
ORM
DOM
GIT
STATELESS
Change the subject name to uppercase by default
Change the color of the hover
Explain Backend
Explain how the route is being accessed.
Template Inheritance
And Add. Delete, edit subjects
Attempt a quiz
Show summary and explain
Which language is used in DOM
Whether git is centralized or distributed and other functions of GIT
Difference between centralized and distributed
Types of CSS styling
And what keywords we use to define CSS Styling
How we import to external CSS to html
Difference between id and name in html
And what symbols we use to represent id and class in css
Difference between Get and Post
Can we send data through GET
Which is more secure HTTP or HTTPs
How we connect the database to the servee
Session
What commands you use to create the database
Explain how the routes get data from the htmls
And some more, but all the questions are mentioned in this sheet from his proctor id!
AnonymousMAD1
Just thoroughly go through the response sheet it's more than enough
Questions remembered
Do checksum
Demonstration of project
MVC and show in project
Explain models.py in brief
What is template inheritance
Change subject name to uppercase
Change the color of login to hover red
What do you mean by statelessness
Diffrence between get and post
Can we send data via get
What is git use of git
Another use of git apart from tracking
Is git centralized or distributed
What symbol used before id and class in css
Diffrence between id and name
Technology used for templates
Diffrence between http and https
Types of css styles and attributes they use their precedence
Define orm
Define Dom
Which programming language can manipulate DOM dynamically
AaronMAD1
He is pretty chill. Go through the questions on the Google Sheets carefully. He often repeats the same questions. He tends to rush you when asking theory-related ones. Good luck :)
Questions remembered
Id card verification and check sum Small introduction
He asked me to create 3 services and then to perform CRUD operations and a short and precise demonstration of my app.
What is ORM? Have you implemented it in your code? why haven't you implemented it?
What is MVC? Show MVC in your code.
Asked me to explain my models.py and a HTML template.
What is DOM?
GIT
Stateless VS Stateful
GET VS POST? Can we send data through GET?
HTTP VS HTTPS? Which is more secure?
Inline, Internal and External CSS. Which has more priority?
What is Template Inheritance? How do we implement it?
What symbol is used before ID and class in CSS?
What are sessions and cookies?
Which programming language can manipulate DOM dynamically? code changes
When you add a service name it should stored in uppercase in the backend.
Change button color on hover to RED.
Sheet responseMAD1
Just be confident, and know about the basics of different things
Questions remembered
What is MVC?
What is the difference between GET and POST methods?
What is the difference between "." and "#" in css?
What are the different types of css? Which has a higher precedence?
Explain the Models, Forms, Login
How could one implement a remember me system in Login forms?
Are the Graphs that you have made of any actual use? Could they have been different?
Is there a Search Functionality?
What is the hover feature in css?
What is Jinja templates? How can they inherit?
What is DOM?
Many different things about Server-side details vs Client-Side details.
What is the action attribute in html forms?
How does it differ from method attribute?
Achal DeepMAD1
Just focus on this Viva Response Sheet, especially the section for your Proctor ID.
Questions remembered
Introduce yourself.
What is git and it's applications.
http vs https
id vs class, and using which symbol it is represented in css
name vs id
ORM
Show the code, by which tables are created in db.
DOM
Change button color on hover.
Store service name in upper case.
MVC His voice was not clear; that's the only issue. Overall, the viva was good.
chirantan deyMAD1
it was hurried but ok, if you are prepared well beforhand you can keep your calm
Questions remembered
-all viva questions and code changes mentioned in grp pdf
-prepare all of them thoroughly, practice the code changes beforehand
-He will focus on models.py very much
-keep your calm, he will always hurry you, you will have to deal with that hurry, sudden code explain , code change, viva , again demo will happen hapazardly
-he might let you not to speak much about your approach, if we reprimands you just agree with it
Sheet responseMAD1
Read these questions mentioned in the doc
Questions remembered
MVC
ORM
GET vs POST
Can GET be used to send info
DOM is used in client side or server
HTTP vs HTTPS
Git VSC client server or distributed and why
How to access id in Javascript (something like that)
name vs id in form
template inheritance and what keyword it uses
how login info is stored: Session Management
explain one of the controllers route
change backend to make title Upper case
change frontend to username<10 letters
PrabhuMAD1
The presentation, questions and code changes happen in one continuous flow. Especially viva with this proctor will be like rapid-fire round, but he's calm, will provide suggestions and will correct you at times. Stay calm, be clear with the theory concepts and answer confidently. All the Best!!
Questions remembered
Short Intro
Asked to register a new sponsor and create 3 campaigns, then register a new influencer
Demonstrated the CRUD operation on campaigns, Ad requests functionality
Q) What is MVC concept?
Show the MVC implementation in the code
Q) What database system is used in the application?
Q) What library is being used to connect the database with the application?
Q) What is ORM?
Explain the model and it's purpose
How was database structure created? Show the code part where DB is created
Q) What technology is used behind templating in flask?
Q) What is template inheritance?
Q) Difference between ID and name attributes in HTML form
Q) Difference between GET and POST request methods
Q) Is it possible to send data/information from the client side through GET?
Q) How is data sent to specific controller when user submits the form? {method and action}
Code changes:
Make change in backend code such that title of the newly created campaign is stored in all caps/uppercase inside the database
Make changes in front-end code for form validation such that username is limited to 10 characters
Q) Which protocol is more secure? HTTP or HTTPS
Q) Technology used in HTTPS to make is secure
Q) Explain HTTP stateless protocol
Q) Explain session
Q) What is DOM? Explain it's working
Q) Where is DOM effective? Client side or server side
Q) Which programming language can manipulate the DOM dynamically?
Q) How to target specific ID of HTML in JavaScript? {document.getElementByID}
Q) Why we use version control software like Git? Other functionalities of Git
Q) Is Git distributed?
Q) Explain 3 ways CSS can be implemented and their precedence
Q) What special character is used to refer class and Id in CSS? {'.' for class and '#' for ID}
Sheet responseMAD1
Try your best to answer the questions. Complete all the theory part and all the very best.
Questions remembered
What is mvc, show which part of your code comes under model, and which one comes under controller and view.
orm, template inheritance, where template inheritance is used in your code.
What are the advantages of using template inheritance.
What is restful API.
What is class and what is object.
css, types of css, css precedence.
Which symbols are used for id and class in css. Where we should use id and where we should prefer use of class.
What are the benefits of using bootstrap.
Can we use get to make changes
Difference between get and post
Which templating system is used in your code.
Which is more secure? Http or https and why ?
Define your database.
How you connect your database to your code.
What is git and git is distributed or client server?
What is public or private campaign in your application.
Somes questions from javascript which I didn't know. It was something about class in javascript.
In many applications we see that if we login then we can perform tasks and have access for a long time without getting logged out by itself, what do you think is behind this functionality. How does this work ?
Change the backend such that the username of user is added in the uppercase only even if the user provides input in mixed alphabets.
Change the frontend such that users can only enter 10 letters as Username.
Change the color of navbar.
He also asked me to perform some basic operations like creating campaigns, editing and deleting them.
Signup as sponsor and send ad_request.
Signup as influencer and perform some basic operations.
Explain your code.
And many more questions were asked. 🥲
Sheet responseMAD1
Be very calm and practice all the theory questions from this Excel sheet. The examiner will throw questions at you one after the other. He will try his best to confuse you. Be very clear and firm in your answers. He will keep asking questions until you get stuck somewhere. Stay calm.
Questions remembered
MVC | ORM | DOM
Restrict the full name to 10 characters. If the character count exceeds this limit, a warning should be shown on the client side.
Show the database.
What is the meaning of public and private campaigns?
Store the full name in all capital letters.
What are the types of CSS, and what is their precedence?
How do we get an element of a particular ID or class in CSS?
What attribute do we use to start CSS in inline, internal, or external CSS?
What symbol is used before ID and class in CSS?
What is Git?
Is Git centralized or distributed?
What other functions does Git have apart from tracking?
What are GET and POST, and what are their differences?
Can we submit data using GET?
Which one is more secure: HTTP or HTTPS?
What security measures does HTTPS use to ensure security?
What technology is used for templating?
What is template inheritance, and why is it used?
Are class inheritance and template inheritance the same?
What are sessions and cookies, and where are they stored?
SohamMAD1
Pray to God😂 or Study(focus on Google sheets questions)
Questions remembered
MVC,ORM,DOM
Get/post
Template inheritance
Js tags
Html ids and classes
Differentiate between id and name attributes in form
Diffn types of css
Order of inline,external,internal
How to call and handle JS function using ids
Best of http and HTTPS n fullform
Client server vs distributed architecture
What is Git n its uses
How does the network security work between client and server Explain the process
KapilMAD1
Read the questions asked previously by the examiners.
Questions remembered
Viewing Models.py what is parent child relationship?
ORM, Rest, mvc
Different types of requests
Javascript questions
Is it possible to send data thru Get request?
Abhijeet SinghMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Http vs https; DOM; Edit code to allow only max 8 characters to be inputed
Questions remembered
Http vs https
DOM
Edit code to allow only max 8 characters to be inputed
When user buys from cart, give him 1+1 and reduce stock accordingly 5.Asked what technology is used in html templates. Ans jinja
Get vs Post request
Session Cookies
Stateless vs stateful
Git
ORM
MVC
Spent 30 mins on models
MahakMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Http and https; Get and post; Mvc in my database
Questions remembered
Http and https
Get and post
Mvc in my database
Orm
Change in frontend for username length and subtract the quantity twice from the stock when purchasing items
Detailed explanation of some routes and models
Gives allot of instructions to enhance the project 😵💫....took 1.30 hrs
AnishMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Details of database; Orm; Mvc
Questions remembered
Details of database
Orm
Mvc
Https
Http
Stateless
Git
Username authentication
Let's have a offer is going on , user cart a item and get one free
Dom
And some other things i can't remember
AJMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Mostly About Database; Few change in code like Length of Username; Another change like If user adds item to cart stock quantity should decrease twice
Questions remembered
Mostly About Database
Few change in code like Length of Username
Another change like If user adds item to cart stock quantity should decrease twice
ORM
MVC and show MVC in your code
And few more questions
HimanshuMAD1
Shared viva questions from response sheet: Show MVC in code.; Limit the username input to less than 10.; 2 layer and 3 layer protocol (client , server , server) and their combination.
Questions remembered
Show MVC in code.
Limit the username input to less than 10.
2 layer and 3 layer protocol (client , server , server) and their combination.
What is git?
What is ORM?
Show change in view part on hover.
Which sends more data get or post?
What do you mean by stateless?
And something like what temples html uses ( can't recall )
Which is more secure http or https and why?
If your database table is completed then he asks about database normalization.
Minute change in code like if I add capacity of a venue as 20 it should reflect as 40.
And some more questions that I don't even know what they mean 💀.
Advice: This proctor will play you very fast. He is in rapid-fire mode. You will have to match his speed. Go though your app very thoroughly and questions everything that you have done in your app. The proctor doesn't go into much detail as soon as you say 1-2 line, he will immediately move on to another questions.
Simpleextends poora layout inherit karta hai, include chhota piece insert karta hai.
extends: child page base.html ka structure use karti hai, blocks override karti hai. Ek hi parent.
include: navbar.html / footer.html jahan chaho insert. Kai baar use ho sakta hai.
base.html:
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
home.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}<h1>Home</h1>{% endblock %}
{% include 'navbar.html' %} → navbar har page pe
Fayda: header/footer ek jagah, change once — saari pages update. MAD1 mein almost har project use karta hai.
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8
19.what jinja will do
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
{% for lot in lots %}
<li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
<p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
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9
21.client server
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleClient maangta hai, Server jawab deta hai.
Client: browser (Chrome). HTML/CSS/JS run, request bhejta hai.
Server: Flask app. Route handle, DB query, response.
Request-response: GET /dashboard → Flask HTML return → browser render.
MAD1 project client-server hai kyunki browser aur Flask alag processes hain, HTTP se baat karte hain. Distributed tab kehlata jab kai servers/services alag machines pe hon.
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10
22.get vs post
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.
HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.
Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.
MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.
401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.
Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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13
30.if http is stateless then how it remembers the user
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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14
31.session vs cookie
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
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15
34.@property in models.py
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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35.relationship vs foreignkey in model.py
Times asked1
Official solution
Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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18
37.what is sqlalchemy
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleSQLAlchemy MAD1 ka common ORM. Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper se db.Model, db.session.
Example
user = User(email='a@b.com')
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
users = User.query.filter_by(role='admin').all()
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19
38.what is block content in tempplate inheritance
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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20
39.add one discount price section in trek like if i put price 5000 as admin then it will show 2500 user because admin giving 50% discount
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
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Advice: he will ask questions like rapid fire round. just focus on core logic of code understand app.py and models.py properly each and every line. he will switch from db to backend to frontend frequently to test your decision in panic mode and ask questions
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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3
Explain how the tables are created in python that u have defined in models
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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4
Gave a task to add a field(pin code) in drive model and to display it in the create drive form
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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5
Which tier is your app 2-tier or 3-tier? Name the elements
SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
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3
You can run using either checksum or by downloading on portal
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
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4
He will ask a few simple questions while you are running the program like can you set a deadline for the job, will the student be able to see the deadline. Viva questions-
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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5
Explain models.py file 7)Id and name client or server side
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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6
Asked to add job_location in the company dashboard when the company is posting a job.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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Advice: My viva was supposed to be at 10am, I had joined at 10, then at 10 15 another person(not the proctor) joined and told me that the examiner is not available and will join at 7pm, I agreed and joined at 7pm then the same person joined and told me to wait till 7:30, then the proctor finally joined at 7:30. The viva lasted till 8:30.
One thing to note is there will be a lot of disturbance in the background when the proctor is unmuted.
He will give a lot of feedback and changes that you can make to the project.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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2
Add a new field pincode in your form. (You will have to first add it in model, route and then template. Before running remember exit the server and delete the db file)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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3
Rest there were a few more questions that came up while demonstrating my code.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Advice: Really chill guy, it will go smoothly if you don't argue with him and listen to his advice. Prepare the questions present in this sheet, he will repeat them.
If you end up stuck during the viva, he will help out
sare jo sheet me 2023 se hai ditto whi puche 1-2 to yaad bhi nhi sir ki voice kabhi kabhi low thi but wo khud repeat kr de rhe the, questions puche the ditto sheet me
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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2
ask my name, rollnumber then soft copy of my ID then intro, which i gave about me with projtopic
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
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3
MVC ?show mn in your proj codes models, view, controller
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: git log. collaborators. README.
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5
Can we send data to get ? Is it possible
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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12
what is stateless after my answer he asked what we do to handle this what we can use my answer was session
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
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13
Code change last me add pincode in drive like location also give hint similar like location add in models, routes gave me hint also
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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14
Hope I added all questions....bs 1-2 yaad nhi lekin wo the isi sheet se hi
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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Advice: his all questions from sheet .....ditto same
he was like mai jo puchta hu sare puch hi lunga not like rapid fire.....
i went his all question in this sheet from 2023......jisne bhi ye shhet create kiya hai usko mera big big thank you
Best of Luck
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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3
db.create_all()
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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4
Code change : i have to Make a job_location in create_drive !!
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
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Advice: He will say we don't have time but don't rush he will rush let him cook!!
Know all things at least say one line to everything if you don't try to explain through his questions he is asking
then asked MVC and explain models.py and how db is created
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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3
then asked to add pincode in placement drive and make changes in all MVC - gave 10 minutes
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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8
For the code change:
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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9
Asked me to add a Pincode section in the form for placement drive information that is posted by the company and asked me to run and show it (gave 10mins to code and run)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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Advice: He will interrupt you a lot and ask lots of questions both about code and theory and he will rush you, just stay calm and be polite, pause to understand his question before answering. If you are thorough with this sheet for his previous questions you will be able to get by. Make sure you are confident shout your project functionalities and limitations he will test this.
SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
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2
on add doctor page, add new field in form "Fee" -- He as guide said me that you need to make 3 changes: -- Template, Route handler & Model 5.3. He asked me to update a view of doctor table, to see Fee -- It was a template change
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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Advice: He is asked all questions from the sheet. so be thorough with the sheet questions n ur good to go
Asked me to open certain page "Admin" > "Add Doctor" 4.1. then asked me to show the corresponding template in code 4.2. Where is the submit button (I showed it in template code) 4.3. Asked me to show & explain "Add Doctor" route handler function also
Show models.py and explain attributes in each model (overview )
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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5
Given 10 mins- show fee for doctor and admin should be able to add fee fir doctor while creating and save in db
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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6
Ans: ( added fee field in Doctor Model, added input type text and name=fee in html, then retrieve fee = request.args.get(“fee”) and then add it while creating Doctor(fee=fee, other fields here)
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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7
Which templating language used (ans jinja)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
{% for lot in lots %}
<li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
<p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
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8
When http is stateless, how we use login and it remembers ( ans we use session to store user id)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
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9
Which is client side and server side in name and id ( ans: name :server side, id: client side)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleClient storage: cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage, IndexedDB. Tokens often localStorage; sessions often cookie.
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10
Uses of Git ( Tracking, Collaborate..etc)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.
Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
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11
Which version control system used ( Git)
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGit version control: commit history dikhao. VCS = Version Control System.
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12
can we send data using GET ( ans: yes we can send and it will be visible in url as query param so only non sensitive data should be, while for sensitive we should use POST )
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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6
indepth explanation of models.py
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.
Example
from flask_cors import CORS
CORS(app, resources={r'/api/*': {'origins': 'http://localhost:8080'}})
Project example: Flask-CORS localhost:8080.
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4
Viva Lvl 2 ---- nothing newer than his previous questions from this sheet ----
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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Advice: he was in rush but humble enough to ask the same old questions so you dont have to study everything...just follow what what he already asked as mentioned here by previous students and study the relevent stuff around it from this pdf to ensure full confidence around that topic:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nsi9TrBXF03Akz5WrJQ8M53NhBLn-XfG/view?usp=sharing
I prepared this way and it went so hell above my expectation XD
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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4
to store the subject name in database in capital format
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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5
to change the colour when we hover cursor on register/login button.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
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Advice: Proctor is calm, suggests changes in between viva for future purposes, if asked for review or remarks, he will guide you and suggest desirable changes. He'll interrupt you in between,while answering some ques because he gets the answer because of the way of you answering, some expected points you mentioned. Whatever he says, nod in yes like "Yes sir, you are right, will try to improve in next one ". And that's all. All the very best for Viva 2.
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
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9
And some more, but all the questions are mentioned in this sheet from his proctor id!
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
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Advice: It was like a rapid fire round, he repeats the same questions, just go through the questions asked by Level3_12 proctor alone. That's more than enough. You can survive. He rushes, expects to make things quickly. But he was cool, explained how could it have been done when we went wrong.
Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.
HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.
Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.
MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.
401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.
Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.
Asked me to explain my models.py and a HTML template.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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Inline, Internal and External CSS. Which has more priority?
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
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3
When you add a service name it should stored in uppercase in the backend.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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Advice: He is pretty chill. Go through the questions on the Google Sheets carefully. He often repeats the same questions. He tends to rush you when asking theory-related ones. Good luck :)
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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6
Explain the model and it's purpose
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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7
Q) Difference between ID and name attributes in HTML form
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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Q) Is it possible to send data/information from the client side through GET?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleClient storage: cookies, localStorage, sessionStorage, IndexedDB. Tokens often localStorage; sessions often cookie.
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9
Q) How is data sent to specific controller when user submits the form? {method and action}
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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10
Code changes:
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.
HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.
Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.
MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.
401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.
Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.
Advice: The presentation, questions and code changes happen in one continuous flow. Especially viva with this proctor will be like rapid-fire round, but he's calm, will provide suggestions and will correct you at times.
Stay calm, be clear with the theory concepts and answer confidently.
All the Best!!
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
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8
In many applications we see that if we login then we can perform tasks and have access for a long time without getting logged out by itself, what do you think is behind this functionality. How does this work ?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
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9
Change the backend such that the username of user is added in the uppercase only even if the user provides input in mixed alphabets.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
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10
Change the frontend such that users can only enter 10 letters as Username.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
Community answers
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11
Change the color of navbar.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
Community answers
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12
He also asked me to perform some basic operations like creating campaigns, editing and deleting them.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
User.query.get(5) # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.
HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.
Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.
MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.
401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.
Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
Community answers
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14
What are sessions and cookies, and where are they stored?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
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Advice: Be very calm and practice all the theory questions from this Excel sheet. The examiner will throw questions at you one after the other. He will try his best to confuse you. Be very clear and firm in your answers. He will keep asking questions until you get stuck somewhere. Stay calm.
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
<!-- inline --> <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.
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6
Spent 30 mins on models
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
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2
Change in frontend for username length and subtract the quantity twice from the stock when purchasing items
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }
/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
Community answers
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3
Detailed explanation of some routes and models
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
class Lot(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
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4
Gives allot of instructions to enhance the project 😵💫....took 1.30 hrs
Interest poochhe to ek genuine cheez (ML, web, cricket) + 1 line. Fake buzzwords mat maaro.
End mein feedback maangna theek hai: 'Koi improvement suggest karenge?'
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3
Demonstration of project
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
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4
Project demo
Times asked7
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
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5
What is git?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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10
Explain specific routes and the logic used in them
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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13
What happens when you click submit button- explain using your code file
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
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15
Show MVC in your project and explain.
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
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16
What is mvc, show which part of your code comes under model, and which one comes under controller and view.
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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17
Explain all the Models in code
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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18
Explain all the Models in detail
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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19
Explain models.py in brief
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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20
Show the code, by which tables are created in db.
Times asked2
Official solution
Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
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21
How are creating all your tables?
Times asked2
Official solution
Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
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22
What is MVC?
Times asked9
Official solution
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
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23
ORM
Times asked10
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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24
What is ORM?
Times asked49
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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25
What are ORM's benefit?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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26
Advantages of ORM.
Times asked5
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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27
Show me ORM in your project.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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28
What can SQLAlchemy do besides being an ORM?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
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29
Define your database.
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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30
Is your database normalised?
Times asked1
Official solution
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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31
Is your database in 1nf, 2nf or 3 nf?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleNormalization data ko split karke redundancy aur update-anomalies kam karti hai.
1NF: atomic values, repeating groups nahi (comma-separated skills mat rakho).
2NF: 1NF + non-key columns poori PK pe depend (composite keys pe).
3NF: 2NF + non-key columns ek doosre pe depend na hon (city→state alag table).
Examplehar booking mein user ka poora address copy vs user_id se User table.
MAD1 project generally 3NF ke kareeb. Higher NF (BCNF) theoretically, practical apps denormalize speed ke liye (cached counts).
Leaderboard: alag table better agar history/rank chahiye; sirf count hai to query se bhi ho sakta hai.
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32
If your database table is completed then he asks about database normalization.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleNormalization data ko split karke redundancy aur update-anomalies kam karti hai.
1NF: atomic values, repeating groups nahi (comma-separated skills mat rakho).
2NF: 1NF + non-key columns poori PK pe depend (composite keys pe).
3NF: 2NF + non-key columns ek doosre pe depend na hon (city→state alag table).
Examplehar booking mein user ka poora address copy vs user_id se User table.
MAD1 project generally 3NF ke kareeb. Higher NF (BCNF) theoretically, practical apps denormalize speed ke liye (cached counts).
Leaderboard: alag table better agar history/rank chahiye; sirf count hai to query se bhi ho sakta hai.
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33
Very detailed study of your database(tables).
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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35
Viewing Models.py what is parent child relationship?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleRelationships tables ko jodti hain taaki related data object se mil jaaye.
One-to-Many: User → kai Posts. posts = relationship('Post', backref='author'). FK post.user_id.
One-to-One: User → Profile. uselist=False + unique FK. Profile.user_id unique.
Many-to-Many: Student ↔ Drive. Junction/secondary table (student_id, drive_id).
Example 1-1:
class Profile(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'), unique=True)
user = db.relationship('User', back_populates='profile', uselist=False)
1-M ko 1-1: child FK pe unique=True + uselist=False.
Parent-child: parent PK, child FK. Junction table extra columns bhi rakh sakti hai (applied_on).
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36
Show relationships in your models
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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37
What is backref?
Times asked12
Official solution
Simplebackref relationship ki reverse side automatically bana deta hai.
class Post(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user = db.relationship('User', backref='posts')
Ab post.user milta hai, aur user.posts bhi — Post model pe sirf ek line.
secondary Many-to-Many junction table ke liye: relationship(..., secondary=likes_table, backref='liked_by').
Explicit chahiye to back_populates use karo.
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38
Backref
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplebackref relationship ki reverse side automatically bana deta hai.
class Post(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user = db.relationship('User', backref='posts')
Ab post.user milta hai, aur user.posts bhi — Post model pe sirf ek line.
secondary Many-to-Many junction table ke liye: relationship(..., secondary=likes_table, backref='liked_by').
Explicit chahiye to back_populates use karo.
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39
Lazy
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplelazy loading related objects tab load karta hai jab attribute access karte ho, pehle nahi.
user = User.query.get(1) # posts query nahi
user.posts # ab query
lazy=True / 'select' default. lazy='joined' eager join. lazy='dynamic' query object.
uselist=False One-to-One (single object, list nahi). Hataoge to list mil sakti hai.
Frontend lazy loading images alag cheez hai (viewport mein aaye tab load).
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40
What does this "backref" do? (in relationships)
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplebackref relationship ki reverse side automatically bana deta hai.
class Post(db.Model):
user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
user = db.relationship('User', backref='posts')
Ab post.user milta hai, aur user.posts bhi — Post model pe sirf ek line.
secondary Many-to-Many junction table ke liye: relationship(..., secondary=likes_table, backref='liked_by').
Explicit chahiye to back_populates use karo.
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41
VCS
Times asked1
Official solution
Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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43
Git is distributed? What distributed means here
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
SimpleVCS history track karta hai, Git ek distributed VCS hai.
VCS: kaun kab kya change kiya, rollback, branches. Example: Git, SVN.
Git distributed: har developer ke paas poori copy (commits) hoti hai. Central GitHub sirf remote hosting hai, lekin Git ka model distributed hai.
SVN centralized: bina server ke history nahi.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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50
Difference between GET and POST
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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51
What is the difference between GET and POST methods?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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52
Different types of requests
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleHTTP methods batate hain request kya karna chahti hai. Common: GET POST PUT PATCH DELETE.
GETread/fetch. Safe, URL se. Page kholna, search.
POSTcreate/submit. Form, login.
PUTpoora replace/update. Idempotent.
PATCHpartial update.
DELETEhataana.
HEAD: sirf headers. OPTIONS: CORS preflight.
Flask: @app.route('/x', methods=['GET','POST'])
Agar methods na likho to default sirf GET.
HTML form native sirf GET/POST. PUT/DELETE JS/fetch ya hidden _method se.
GET se data fetch ho sakta hai, create nahi karna chahiye. POST se theoretically fetch ho sakta hai lekin cache/semantics galat.
DELETE fetch ke liye nahi. GET POST ka kaam officially nahi karta — side effects GET pe mat rakho.
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53
Can GET be used to send info
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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54
Can we send data through GET?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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55
Can we use get to make changes
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleGET data mangta hai (read), POST data bhejta hai (create/submit).
GETURL mein dikhta hai, bookmark ho sakta hai, browser back/refresh safe hai, data URL query mein jaata hai. Search, page open, login form dikhana.
POSTbody mein data jaata hai, URL mein password nahi dikhta, refresh pe dubara submit ho sakta hai. Login, register, form save.
Example
# page dikhana
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
# POST: form submit
email = request.form.get('email')
...
GET se theoretically data bhej sakte ho (?q=flask), lekin create/update ke liye nahi use karna — data log/history mein save ho jaata hai, length limit hoti hai.
HTML form default GET hota hai; method='POST' likhna zaroori hai login/register pe.
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56
Is it possible to send data thru Get request?
Times asked1
Official solution
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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57
HTTP vs HTTPS
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleHTTP plain text bhejta hai, HTTPS encrypted bhejta hai.
HTTP: data beech mein koi padh sakta hai (password, session). Port 80. Padlock nahi.
HTTPS: SSL/TLS se encrypt. Port 443. Certificate verify hota hai. Man-in-the-middle mushkil.
Examplecafe WiFi pe HTTP login karo to password sniff ho sakta hai. HTTPS pe attacker ko garbage dikhega.
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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62
What do you mean by stateless?
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleHTTP stateless hai — har request independent, server previous request yaad nahi rakhta.
Isliye login ke baad bhi har request pe kaun ho yeh prove karna padta hai: cookie/session/JWT.
State = yaad rakhna (user_id, cart). HTTP khud nahi rakhta; Flask session iske upar layer hai.
Fayda: scale aasan, koi bhi server next request handle kar sake (sticky session ke bina, token use karke).
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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7
Explain specific routes and the logic used in them
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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10
What happens when you click submit button- explain using your code file
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
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12
Show MVC in your project and explain.
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
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13
What is mvc, show which part of your code comes under model, and which one comes under controller and view.
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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14
Explain the Models, Forms, Login
Times asked1
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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15
Explain all the Models in code
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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16
Explain all the Models in detail
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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17
Explain models.py in brief
Times asked2
Official solution
Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
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18
Show the code, by which tables are created in db.
Times asked2
Official solution
Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
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19
What commands you use to create the database
Times asked1
Official solution
Definition style question: 1 line simple Hinglish + project example + mini code.
Template'X ka kaam Y hai. Mere project mein Z jagah use hua.'
Example'Session login state rakhta hai. session[user_id]=u.id login pe, logout pe session.clear().'
Agar topic Vue/Celery/Redis ho aur project mein nahi hai to sach bolo, theory example do.
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20
How are creating all your tables?
Times asked2
Official solution
Simpledb Flask-SQLAlchemy ka object hai. Models db.Model se inherit karti hain, tables db.create_all() se banti hain.
db = SQLAlchemy()
db.init_app(app) # factory pattern
with app.app_context():
db.create_all()
db.Model SQLAlchemy declarative base (class). Columns se table schema.
db properties engine/session/metadata se aati hain, Flask app config (SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI) se bind.
Admin user: create_all sirf tables; admin seed alag function mein (if not User.query.filter_by(role='admin').first(): ...).
Live schema change: Flask-Migrate/Alembic. create_all nayi tables add kare, existing columns alter nahi karta generally.
Interest poochhe to ek genuine cheez (ML, web, cricket) + 1 line. Fake buzzwords mat maaro.
End mein feedback maangna theek hai: 'Koi improvement suggest karenge?'
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2
ID card verification / checksum / download project.
Times asked1
Official solution
SimpleChecksum file ka hash (jaise SHA256) — file change hui ya nahi verify.
Portal pe submitted ZIP ka checksum diya hota hai. Local file ka hash nikaalo, match hona chahiye.
Linux: sha256sum project.zip
Mismatch = galat file / corrupt download. Examiner integrity check karta hai ki tumhari submitted copy hi run ho rahi hai.
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3
Give a complete project demo.
Times asked2
Official solution
SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect
Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.
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Video explanation
Created for educational purposes only. Questions are based on students' personal experiences and may not reflect actual exam content.