Proctor Proctor 784

Student reviews

Sheet response MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

Be thorough with the code you will be asked to explain different lines randomly as you show the code , the proctor is chill and will help you in case you are stuck

Questions remembered

Download the project from the portal and run the demo
Explain the models and their relationships
explai mvc architecture and show what files are doing the work of mvc in your project
how is the database getting created
how is the role based authentication being done
explain what each template is doing
what is extends base html purpose , can you use url_for instead of extends
return vs redirect difference
diff between {{}} and {% %}
what have you done css or bootstrap
where have you embedded bootstrap
what are the 3 types of embedding in css
coding question:
Add a height columnso when admin creates a trek he can add height parameter and if height is more than 5000 m it should be displayed in red
general questions:
what is the purpose of head tag?
have u used static ?
when somebody searches for google.com how does the request go to the server and get displayed
what is orm ? beenfits over cursor sql queries
one more question i couldn't understand

Manoj Rajput MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

Prepare your code well

Questions remembered

Level 2 viva:-
- What is session and cookies
- Authorization and authentication
- add a height column in your frontend and also in your database file( it is added to backend also)
- how CRUD work and where you use in code in treks table
- What is MVC and where you used in code
- ORM why it is different from SQL
- Staff email id shown in black so change it color to blue by using html template
- Foreign key, primary key and where is your keys in code
- If you are able to explain each and every line of code then your viva will be good

Sheet response MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

Be confident while answering and have some knowledge of how the internet interacts with the system.

Questions remembered

Theory-
Asked me to explain the application and register as staff first, then log in as admin and approve the staff, create the trek, and assign it to the staff. Then log in as a user and book the trek.
Explain the model.py file.
What is the use of @app.route?
Explain the MVC architecture.
Authentication vs. Authorization.
Do you know any protocols?
what is the use of {{}},{%%},{##} Code-
Add the age your database file and then add it to your registration page. Make changes to the route so that it will also update the database.

Sheet response MAD1 Aug 16, 2026

take your time, but make the code modification questions work. my viva was for a full hour because I frequently ran into errors 😭 but the proctor wont pressurise you to speed up. he just observes whatever we are doing. I was mainly tensed in the code modification round but I could implement whatever was asked, so I guess you just have to try and make things work.
if you run into errors, try to explain why they occur rather than panicking.
the proctor was ok, he was not very rude or didnt interrupt me when i was speaking.

Questions remembered

LEVEL 2 VIVA:
-Download submission from portal, AND perform checksum verification
-Start with the demo of the project
-explain every function of the website.
-random demo points (login as staff, login as user and show this etc)
-did you use apis?
-did you use orm? if you didn't use orm, how does your project follow mvc architecture
-have you protected your queries from sql injection attacks and how? (I used parameterised sql queries)
-explain your project in terms of mvc arhitecture
code modification questions:
-make the staff dashboard display the staff member's name
-make the trek cards display start date and end date (I didn't keep these so they were asked)
I added a function which causes the app to not load when db schema changes, so I could not solve questions which involve adding a new column to the database, taking the new input and showing it in frontend pages.
but be ready to answer such questions (add a field to the database, and based on the field, make changes to your business logic, I was asked to add the age column to my user's table and make sure that new users who register are younger than 50).
if you implement anything already be ready for a new question.
coming back to theory:
-http methods used in your project, and talk about them
-apart from the ones used in your project, what other http methods do you know?
-what is client and server
-other theory questions from this sheet.

Approved viva sets

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

Copy set link

1

Download the project from the portal and run the demo

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
2
Explain the models and their relationships

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Example
```
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
3

explai mvc architecture and show what files are doing the work of mvc in your project

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMAD1 typical: Browser → Flask routes → validate/auth → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Jinja response.
Suggested flowRequest → Route → Auth check → DB → render_template / redirect
4

how is the database getting created

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
5
how is the role based authentication being done

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleRBAC = Role Based Access Control. Roles (admin/user) se permissions milti hain, har user pe alag list nahi.
Example
```
if current_user.role != 'admin':
    flash('Not allowed')
    return redirect(url_for('user.home'))
```
6

explain what each template is doing

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
7
what is extends base html purpose , can you use url_for instead of extends

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleurl_for endpoint name se URL banata hai — hardcode path mat likho.
Example
```
url_for('auth.login')
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')
```
8
return vs redirect difference

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleredirect dusre URL pe bhejta hai. flash one-time message session mein rakh ke next page pe dikhata hai.
Example
```
flash('Login successful', 'success')
return redirect(url_for('user.dashboard'))
```
9
diff between {{}} and {% %}

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
10

what have you done css or bootstrap

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleBootstrap CSS framework — grid, navbar, buttons jaldi. CDN ya downloaded files.
11

where have you embedded bootstrap

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleBootstrap CSS framework — grid, navbar, buttons jaldi. CDN ya downloaded files.
12

what are the 3 types of embedding in css

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCSS 3 tarikon se lagti hai, priority Inline > Internal > External (same specificity pe).
Inline: style='color:red' element pe. Highest priority, lekin reuse nahi. Debugging mushkil.
Internal: <style> tag HTML head mein. Us page tak limited.
External: style.css file. Large project ke liye best — ek jagah change, saari pages update.
Example same button pe teeno:
/* external */ .btn { color: blue; }
/* internal */ .btn { color: green; }
 <button class='btn' style='color:red'> → red jeetega
ID (#box) class (.btn) se strong, class element (button) se strong.
!important sabko override karta hai — avoid karo.
Large project: external CSS preferred.
13

coding question:

Times asked 3

Official solution

SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.
14

Add a height columnso when admin creates a trek he can add height parameter and if height is more than 5000 m it should be displayed in red

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
15

general questions:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
16
what is the purpose of head tag?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
17
have u used static ?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
18
when somebody searches for google.com how does the request go to the server and get displayed

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.
Example
```
q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()
```
19
what is orm ? beenfits over cursor sql queries

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
20
one more question i couldn't understand

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: Be thorough with the code you will be asked to explain different lines randomly as you show the code , the proctor is chill and will help you in case you are stuck

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

Copy set link

1
- What is session and cookies

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
2
- add a height column in your frontend and also in your database file( it is added to backend also)

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
3

- how CRUD work and where you use in code in treks table

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCRUD = Create Read Update Delete. Admin pe ek resource ke 4 ops dikhao.
4

- What is MVC and where you used in code

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
5
- ORM why it is different from SQL

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
6
- Staff email id shown in black so change it color to blue by using html template

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
7
- Foreign key, primary key and where is your keys in code

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePrimary key row ka unique identity — usually id Integer autoincrement.
Example
```
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
```
8

- If you are able to explain each and every line of code then your viva will be good

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Advice: Prepare your code well

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

Copy set link

1

Asked me to explain the application and register as staff first, then log in as admin and approve the staff, create the trek, and assign it to the staff. Then log in as a user and book the trek.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
2
Do you know any protocols?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
3
what is the use of {{}},{%%},{##} Code-

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: Be confident while answering and have some knowledge of how the internet interacts with the system.

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

Copy set link

1

LEVEL 2 VIVA:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2

-Start with the demo of the project

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
3

-explain every function of the website.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
4

-random demo points (login as staff, login as user and show this etc)

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
5
-have you protected your queries from sql injection attacks and how? (I used parameterised sql queries)

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
6

-explain your project in terms of mvc arhitecture

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
7

code modification questions:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
8

I added a function which causes the app to not load when db schema changes, so I could not solve questions which involve adding a new column to the database, taking the new input and showing it in frontend pages.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
9
if you implement anything already be ready for a new question.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
10

coming back to theory:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
11
-http methods used in your project, and talk about them

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleHTTP verbs REST ke tools. Methods HTTP ke hain, REST unhe convention se use karta hai.
GET read cacheable. POST create payload. PUT replace. PATCH patch. DELETE remove.
GET exists bina REST ke bhi — browser address bar.
HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.
Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.
AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.
Example
```
GET /api/venues
POST /api/venues
PUT /api/venues/1
DELETE /api/venues/1
```
Project example: resources.py methods list. Postman 4-5 calls.
Viva tipGET typically no body (cacheable). POST/PUT/PATCH haan payload. PUT idempotent, POST nahi.
12

-other theory questions from this sheet.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

Advice: take your time, but make the code modification questions work. my viva was for a full hour because I frequently ran into errors 😭 but the proctor wont pressurise you to speed up. he just observes whatever we are doing. I was mainly tensed in the code modification round but I could implement whatever was asked, so I guess you just have to try and make things work. if you run into errors, try to explain why they occur rather than panicking. the proctor was ok, he was not very rude or didnt interrupt me when i was speaking.

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 1, 2026

Copy set link

1

Download the submission from the portal and perform checksum verification.

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleChecksum file ka hash (jaise SHA256) — file change hui ya nahi verify.
Portal pe submitted ZIP ka checksum diya hota hai. Local file ka hash nikaalo, match hona chahiye.
Linux: sha256sum project.zip
Mismatch = galat file / corrupt download. Examiner integrity check karta hai ki tumhari submitted copy hi run ho rahi hai.
2

Complete project demonstration.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
3

Explain every feature/functionality of the website.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
4

Demonstrate different user roles (Staff → Admin approval → User booking flow).

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.
Suggested flow
1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.
5
Did you use any APIs in your project?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleAPI = Application Programming Interface — do systems predefined rules se baat karti hain. REST API HTTP + JSON use karti hai.
Controller/route HTML bhi return kar sakta hai. REST API generally JSON return karti hai, frontend alag ho (Vue/Postman).
Example
```
@app.route('/api/users/<int:id>')
def get_user(id):
    u = User.query.get_or_404(id)
    return jsonify(id=u.id, name=u.name)
```
MAD1 HTML apps mein 'API' kabhi-kabhi routes ko hi keh dete hain. Agar Vue nahi to bolo: server-rendered Flask, JSON APIs optional.
Boolean return: technically jsonify(True) ho sakta hai, lekin meaningful JSON object better. Flask view None return kare to error.
Test: Postman se GET/POST.
Parsing: request.get_json() body se, request.args query se.
6
Explain the models.py file.

Times asked 5
Official solution

Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
    bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
7

Explain your project using the MVC architecture.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMVC = Model-View-Controller. Code ko 3 hisson mein baant ta hai taaki mix na ho.
Model: data + DB. models.py — User, Trek, Booking classes.
View: jo user dekhta hai. templates/*.html + Jinja.
Controller: beech ka logic. routes / app.py — request lo, model se data, view ko do.
Example flow (register):
Browser form POST → Controller register() → User model save → redirect → View dashboard.html
Draw: Browser → Controller → Model → DB, phir Controller → View → Browser.
ORM na ho to bhi MVC ho sakta hai — Model raw SQL functions ho sakte hain. Structure matter karta hai, library nahi.
MVP/MVVM doosri architectures hain; MAD1 mein MVC expected hai.
8
Did you use ORM? If not, how does your project still follow MVC architecture?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.
Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)
Example model
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
```
FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.
Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.
MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.
9

How did you protect your project from SQL Injection attacks?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleSQL Injection user input ko SQL bana ke DB hack. ORM/parameterized queries se bachao.
Galat: f"SELECT * FROM user WHERE email='{email}'" # email = ' OR 1=1 --
Sahi: User.query.filter_by(email=email) # bound parameters
Raw: db.session.execute(text('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=:id'), {'id': i})
Extra: least privilege DB user, input validate, error messages generic.
10

Which HTTP methods did you use in your project?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleHTTP methods batate hain request kya karna chahti hai. Common: GET POST PUT PATCH DELETE.
GETread/fetch. Safe, URL se. Page kholna, search.
POSTcreate/submit. Form, login.
PUTpoora replace/update. Idempotent.
PATCHpartial update.
DELETEhataana.
HEAD: sirf headers. OPTIONS: CORS preflight.
Flask: @app.route('/x', methods=['GET','POST'])
Agar methods na likho to default sirf GET.
HTML form native sirf GET/POST. PUT/DELETE JS/fetch ya hidden _method se.
GET se data fetch ho sakta hai, create nahi karna chahiye. POST se theoretically fetch ho sakta hai lekin cache/semantics galat.
DELETE fetch ke liye nahi. GET POST ka kaam officially nahi karta — side effects GET pe mat rakho.
11

Which other HTTP methods do you know?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleHTTP methods batate hain request kya karna chahti hai. Common: GET POST PUT PATCH DELETE.
GETread/fetch. Safe, URL se. Page kholna, search.
POSTcreate/submit. Form, login.
PUTpoora replace/update. Idempotent.
PATCHpartial update.
DELETEhataana.
HEAD: sirf headers. OPTIONS: CORS preflight.
Flask: @app.route('/x', methods=['GET','POST'])
Agar methods na likho to default sirf GET.
HTML form native sirf GET/POST. PUT/DELETE JS/fetch ya hidden _method se.
GET se data fetch ho sakta hai, create nahi karna chahiye. POST se theoretically fetch ho sakta hai lekin cache/semantics galat.
DELETE fetch ke liye nahi. GET POST ka kaam officially nahi karta — side effects GET pe mat rakho.
12

What is a Client and a Server?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleClient maangta hai, Server jawab deta hai.
Client: browser (Chrome). HTML/CSS/JS run, request bhejta hai.
Server: Flask app. Route handle, DB query, response.
Request-response: GET /dashboard → Flask HTML return → browser render.
MAD1 project client-server hai kyunki browser aur Flask alag processes hain, HTTP se baat karte hain. Distributed tab kehlata jab kai servers/services alag machines pe hon.
13
What is the purpose of @app.route?

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple@app.route URL ko Python function se jodta hai. @ wala cheez decorator hai.
```
@app.route('/hello/<name>', methods=['GET'])
def hello(name):
    return f'Hello {name}'
```
Decorator function ko wrap karke extra behaviour deta hai (route register, login_required).
Endpoint generally function name. Path /hello/Ram.
<int:id> type converter — sirf integer. Bina converter string. ID chahiye to int safer.
methods=['POST'] only POST. Default GET.
functools.wraps custom decorator mein original function name/docs preserve karta hai.
14
Difference between Authentication and Authorization.

Times asked 20
Official solution

SimpleAuthentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"
Authentication: login. Username + password check karke prove karte ho ki tum genuine user ho. Success pe session/token milta hai.
Authorization: uske baad role check. Admin hi parking lot delete kar sakta hai, normal user nahi.
Example (Flask):
# Authentication
```
if user and check_password_hash(user.password, form_password):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# Authorization
if session.get('role') != 'admin':
    abort(403)  # logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi
```
Project example: student login = authentication. Student admin dashboard nahi khol sakta = authorization.
Validation alag cheez hai (form sahi bhara hai ya nahi, jaise age 18+).
15
Name some network protocols.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh MAD-1 viva question tumhare project ke context se linked hai. Short answer is structure se do:
Pehle 1 line definition/purpose, phir tumhare project ka example, phir chhota code/flow.
Typical Flask flowBrowser request → @app.route controller → SQLAlchemy model/DB → Jinja template response.
Auth: session['user_id'] + role check. CRUD: add/commit, query.all, field update, delete.
Live change maange to: related model → route → template, phir browser refresh karke dikhao.
Example (generic create):
obj = Model(name=request.form.get('name'))
```
db.session.add(obj); db.session.commit()
return redirect(url_for('list_view'))
```
16
What is the use of {{ }}, {% %}, and {# #} in Jinja?

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple{{ }} value print, {% %} logic (if/for), {# #} comment.
```
{{ user.name }} → HTML mein naam dikhega
{% if user.role == 'admin' %} ... {% endif %} → condition
{% for t in treks %} {{ t.name }} {% endfor %} → loop
{# yeh comment browser mein nahi jaata #}
```
Object access: {{ reservation.spot.lot.name }} — relationship follow karke nested data.
List pass kiya to loop, single object to .field.
17
Display the logged-in staff member's name on the Staff Dashboard.

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplecurrent user object template ko do, Jinja se naam print.
```
@app.route('/staff/dashboard')
def staff_dash():
    staff = Staff.query.get(session['user_id'])
    return render_template('staff_dash.html', staff=staff)

<h2>Welcome, {{ staff.name }}</h2>
```
Flask-Login: {{ current_user.name }} — context_processor se har template mein user inject ho sakta hai.
Roll/dept extra fields same tarah pass karo.
18
Display the logged-in staff member's name on the Staff Dashboard.

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplecurrent user object template ko do, Jinja se naam print.
```
@app.route('/staff/dashboard')
def staff_dash():
    staff = Staff.query.get(session['user_id'])
    return render_template('staff_dash.html', staff=staff)

<h2>Welcome, {{ staff.name }}</h2>
```
Flask-Login: {{ current_user.name }} — context_processor se har template mein user inject ho sakta hai.
Roll/dept extra fields same tarah pass karo.
19
Display start date and end date on trek cards.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Yeh list filter/sort/display task hai. Query badlo, template same rakh sakte ho.
```
rows = Model.query.filter_by(status='approved').order_by(Model.name.asc()).all()
```
Jinja: {% for r in rows %}<tr><td>{{ r.name|upper }}</td></tr>{% endfor %}
```
{{ rows|length }} count dikhane ke liye.
```
Alphabet sort: order_by(Model.name). Status filter: filter_by(status='pending').
Assigned staff column: relationship se {{ booking.staff.name }}.
20
Add a new Age column to the User table.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py har table ki class hai — columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Viva mein file khol ke bolo:
1) Kaunsi classes/tables hain (User, Role-specific, Booking...)
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships: 1-1 / 1-M / M-M, backref, cascade, lazy
4) Constraints: unique email, nullable, default status
Example skeleton
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)
    role = db.Column(db.String(20), default='user')
    bookings = db.relationship('Booking', backref='user', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
ER diagram: rectangles entities, lines relationships, PK/FK mark. Schema = yahi structure.
Tables create: db.create_all() ya migrations. SQLite file SQL viewer se dikha sakte ho.
21

Add the Age field to the registration form.

Times asked 2

Official solution

Simple 4-step: Model → DB → Form → Route → Template. Yeh sabse common live-coding hai.
1) models.py: age = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
2) DB: SQLite viewer se column, ya DB delete karke create_all, ya ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN age INTEGER; production mein Flask-Migrate.
3) register.html: <input type='number' name='age' min='18' required>
4) route: user.age = request.form.get('age', type=int); commit
5) dashboard: {{ user.age }} admin table mein <td>{{ u.age }}</td>
Print terminal: print('AGE', request.form.get('age'))
Phone/city same pattern, String(20). Openings on Drive: integer column + form + create_drive route.
22

Update the registration route to save the age in the database.

Times asked 2

Official solution

Simple 4-step: Model → DB → Form → Route → Template. Yeh sabse common live-coding hai.
1) models.py: age = db.Column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
2) DB: SQLite viewer se column, ya DB delete karke create_all, ya ALTER TABLE user ADD COLUMN age INTEGER; production mein Flask-Migrate.
3) register.html: <input type='number' name='age' min='18' required>
4) route: user.age = request.form.get('age', type=int); commit
5) dashboard: {{ user.age }} admin table mein <td>{{ u.age }}</td>
Print terminal: print('AGE', request.form.get('age'))
Phone/city same pattern, String(20). Openings on Drive: integer column + form + create_drive route.
23
Add validation so only users younger than 50 years can register.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleValidation galat data rok ti hai — frontend turant, backend must.
Frontend: required, min='18', maxlength='8', pattern='(?=.*[A-Z]).{8,}'
Backend example:
```
pwd = request.form.get('password','')
if len(pwd) < 8 or not re.search(r'[A-Z]', pwd) or not re.search(r'[0-9]', pwd):
    flash('Weak password')
```
Haan, regex se password rules ho sakte hain.
Age 18-99, date >= today, slots <= 30 and > 0, confirm password == password, email '@' .
Duplicate username: User.query.filter_by(email=email).first() or unique=True catch IntegrityError.
Past date: if date < date.today(): reject. Negative slots: if slots < 0: reject; book pe available > 0 check.
24

Be prepared for questions involving adding a new database field and updating the frontend, backend, and business logic accordingly.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleFrontend user jo dekhta/click karta hai, Backend server logic + database.
Frontend: HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, Jinja templates, thoda JS. Browser pe chalta hai.
Backend: Flask routes, SQLAlchemy, session, validation. Python server pe.
Data flow: form POST → Flask request.form → DB save → render_template/redirect → HTML dikha.
MAD1 typical stack: Flask + Jinja + SQLAlchemy + SQLite + Bootstrap.

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