Search viva questions

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.

Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.

MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.

Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.

Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.

Example

@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')

Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.

Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.

SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

Example

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).

Example

# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

Simplevenv activate → dependencies → DB create/migrate → flask run. Browser pe localhost dikhao.

Example

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
flask run

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

SimpleSQLite file-based DB — setup easy, MAD1 ke liye perfect. Production heavy traffic pe Postgres better.

Example

SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'sqlite:///app.db'

SimpleDifferent origin Vue vs Flask — browser CORS check. Server Allow-Origin.

Failed = frontend error even if curl works. Examiner curl vs browser.

HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

Example

from flask_cors import CORS
CORS(app, resources={r'/api/*': {'origins': 'http://localhost:8080'}})

Project example: Flask-CORS localhost:8080.

Simplevar old function-scope, let block-scope changeable, const block-scope reassign nahi.

var x = 1; // hoisted, function scoped — avoid
let count = 0; count = 1; // theek
const PI = 3.14; // reassign error, object ke andar field change ho sakti hai
Modern JS: let/const use karo, var mat karo.

SimpleJavaScript browser/Node pe chalta hai — DOM, events, fetch/axios. MAD1 mein thoda JS; MAD2 mein Vue JS pe.

SimpleJWT teen tukde ki signed chitthi: header.payload.signature. Padhi ja sakti hai, badli nahi ja sakti.

Encoded (Base64) + signed, encrypted nahi (JWE alag). Payload mein password mat daalo — koi jwt.io pe dekh lega.

Login pe server secret se HMAC (HS256). Har API Authorization: Bearer <token>.
Expiry exp. Change payload → signature fail → 401.

Session MAD1 server yaad rakhta. JWT MAD2 client rakhta, server stateless-ish.

Example

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.{"sub":1,"role":"admin"}.signature
# Authorization: Bearer <token>

Project example: POST /login → token LS. fetch interceptor header. @jwt_required APIs.

Viva tipAlgo HS256. Secret env var. jwt.io pe payload dikhao, secret public site pe mat paste.

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).

Example

# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleCascade parent delete pe children pe kya ho: delete-orphan related rows hata deta hai.

Example

db.relationship('Spot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

Viva tipParking lot delete → uske spots/bookings policy clear bolo.

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

Example

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

Example

/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

Example

q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).

Example

@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleVue directive = special attr: v-if, v-for, v-model, v-bind, v-show — DOM ko declarative control.

SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.

SimpleNaya Flask route: URL, method, auth if needed, query, jsonify. Postman pehle.

Examiner number/filter change easy rakhna. CORS. Frontend tabhi jab bole.

Status codes sahi. Password JSON mein nahi.

Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.

Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.

Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.

Example

@app.route('/api/sum', methods=['POST'])
def sum_num():
    d = request.get_json()
    return jsonify(result=d['a'] + d['b'])

Project example: resources.py new Resource. Test Thunder. Optional Vue fetch.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.

SimpleHTML5 history mode: clean URLs /lots/1 (server fallback chahiye). Hash mode: /#/lots/1 — static host easy, ugly URL.

SimpleInt column mein string daalne pe SQLAlchemy/DB type error ya Integrity/StatementError. Empty table pe bhi same validation fail — row count matter nahi.

Example

# SQLite may coerce sometimes; Postgres: invalid input syntax for integer
Spot(status='free', lot_id='abc')  # lot_id int → error

SimpleMutations sync diary entry. Actions async kaam phir diary.

Direct state mutate action se Vuex 4 discouraged. Devtools time-travel mutations.

Purpose of Actions: API, phir commit. Purpose of Mutations: state change one place.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: action fetchVenues → commit setVenues. Mutation sirf array replace.

SimpleComponent = reusable UI piece (navbar, card, form). Props in, events out. Vue SFC ya Jinja macros/includes.

Viva tipParent-child: props down, emit/$emit up.

Simpleref() wrap .value, primitive. reactive() object proxy. Destructure ref toot sakta.

Options API this.x. Composition choose one style.

Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

Example

const count = ref(0)
count.value++
const form = reactive({ email: '' })

Project example: If Options only, bolo nahi use, Options data().

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.

Example

@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'

SimpleSMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — email bhejne ka standard. Flask-Mail / smtplib se reminders/reports.

Example

from flask_mail import Message
msg = Message('Subject', recipients=[user.email])
msg.body = 'Hello'
mail.send(msg)

Viva tipViva mein MailHog/inbox dikhao. Port 587 TLS common; local pe MailHog 1025.

SimpleSMTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol — email bhejne ka standard. Flask-Mail / smtplib se reminders/reports.

Example

from flask_mail import Message
msg = Message('Subject', recipients=[user.email])
msg.body = 'Hello'
mail.send(msg)

Viva tipViva mein MailHog/inbox dikhao. Port 587 TLS common; local pe MailHog 1025.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

Example

/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

Example

q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()

SimpleLIKE case-sensitive Postgres. ILIKE insensitive. SQLite LIKE often insensitive.

Search use ilike.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: Venue.name.ilike(f'%{q}%').

Project example: Venue.name.ilike(f'%{q}%').

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleDuplicate booking/register rokne ke liye unique constraint + query check pehle.

Example

exists = Booking.query.filter_by(user_id=uid, slot_id=sid).first()
if exists:
    flash('Already booked'); abort/redirect

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

Example

@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

Example

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.

Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.

Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.

Example

celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info

Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).

Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.

SimplelocalStorage browser mein key-value string store karta hai — tab band hone pe bhi rehta hai. Token/theme ke liye use.

Example

localStorage.setItem('token', jwt)
const t = localStorage.getItem('token')
localStorage.removeItem('token')

Viva tipSensitive password mat rakho. XSS se steal ho sakta hai — HttpOnly cookie safer for session.

SimpleRBAC = Role Based Access Control. Roles (admin/user) se permissions milti hain, har user pe alag list nahi.

Example

if current_user.role != 'admin':
    flash('Not allowed')
    return redirect(url_for('user.home'))

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

Example

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

Example

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.