Search – Lazy IITians Viva Prep

See reviews Level1_118 MLP Level 1

Aug 5, 2026

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1

What feature engineering techniques did you use?

Times asked 1
2

Which correlation method did you use?

Times asked 2
3

Why did you use StandardScaler (or your chosen scaler)?

Times asked 1
4

Difference between RandomSearchCV and GridSearchCV.

Times asked 1
5

How many combinations does RandomizedSearchCV try based on n_iter and cv?

Times asked 1
6

Why did you choose RandomizedSearchCV?

Times asked 1
7

What is the baseline model?

Times asked 1
8

If a node has 7 samples, will it split? Explain using min_samples_split and min_samples_leaf.

Times asked 1
9

If two features have 0 correlation, can they still be collinear?

Times asked 1
10

Explain Bagging vs Boosting.

Times asked 1
11

What is a Weak Learner?

Times asked 1
12

What preprocessing steps did you perform?

Times asked 2
13

Why didn't you use Accuracy as the evaluation metric?

Times asked 1
14

Formula of F1 Score.

Times asked 1
15

Does F1 Score give equal weight to Precision and Recall?

Times asked 1
16

Why did you use F1 Macro instead of other averaging methods?

Times asked 1
17

Which of your models are parametric and which are non-parametric?

Times asked 1
18

Why is Logistic Regression called "Regression" although it performs classification?

Times asked 1
19

Why did you use MLPClassifier?

Times asked 1
20

Explain your pipeline structure.

Times asked 1
21

Explain your hyperparameter tuning approach.

Times asked 1
22

Explain your model parameters.

Times asked 1
23

Why did you choose the models you used?

Times asked 1
24

How did you compare your models?

Times asked 1
25

What conclusions did you draw from model comparison?

Times asked 1
26

Explain your EDA graphs and the insights obtained.

Times asked 1
27

Explain the confidence interval/shaded region in a regression plot.

Times asked 1
28

Why is the correlation between OperationalHoursMeter and TargetValue nearly zero?

Times asked 1
29

What does errors="coerce" do while converting datetime?

Times asked 1
30

Did you use Pipelines or ColumnTransformer? Why?

Times asked 1
31

Did you use any user-defined functions?

Times asked 1
32

What is the output type after preprocessing (type(X_train))?

Times asked 1
33

What does fit_transform() return?

Times asked 1
34

How can you convert transformer output to a Pandas DataFrame (set_output(transform="pandas"))?

Times asked 1
35

What are the parameters of LightGBM?

Times asked 1
36

Explain Ridge and Lasso Regression.

Times asked 1
37

Which algorithms can perform feature selection?

Times asked 1
38

What does a Pair Plot show?

Times asked 1
39

Difference between Histogram and Bar Plot.

Times asked 1
40

What does Early Stopping mean?

Times asked 1
41

If the best score occurs at iteration 100, when does training stop with early stopping?

Times asked 1
42

What does TF-IDF do?

Times asked 1
43

How did you select the ensemble weights?

Times asked 1
44

Explain your train-test split and what changes if the split ratio changes.

Times asked 1
45

Load the Iris dataset and: Display the feature matrix. Separate features and target. Print feature matrix shape. Print target variable. Print feature names. Print data without the target column.

Times asked 1
46

Load the Breast Cancer dataset and: Print target names. Count missing values.

Times asked 1
47

Load the California Housing dataset and fit HistGradientBoostingRegressor.

Times asked 1
48

Load the Wine dataset and print feature names.

Times asked 1
49

Load the Diabetes dataset and print the feature matrix.

Times asked 1
50

Load any toy dataset from scikit-learn and display its contents.

Times asked 1
51

Import a dummy dataset.

Times asked 1
52

Create a bar chart manually using model names and scores.

Times asked 1
53

Plot a graph comparing training scores of models.

Times asked 1
54

Plot the target value graph (including after log transformation if asked).

Times asked 1
55

Write simple Lasso Regression code.

Times asked 1
56

Explain your complete notebook.

Times asked 1
57

Explain EDA.

Times asked 1
58

Explain preprocessing.

Times asked 1
59

Explain feature engineering.

Times asked 1
60

Explain model selection.

Times asked 1
61

Explain hyperparameter tuning.

Times asked 1
62

Explain pipeline/ColumnTransformer.

Times asked 1
63

Explain model comparison.

Times asked 1
64

Explain graphs and visualizations.

Times asked 1
65

Explain assumptions and interpretations.

Times asked 1
66

Explain notebook improvements and limitations.

Times asked 1

See reviews Level2_79 DBMS Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Show your ID card.

Times asked 23
2

Download and run the project.

Times asked 2
3

Show your GitHub repository and collaborator.

Times asked 16
4

Demonstrate the complete application.

Times asked 33
5

Explain the complete authentication flow end-to-end.

Times asked 1
6

Demonstrate all Celery tasks (scheduled and user-triggered).

Times asked 1
7

Show where caching is implemented in the project.

Times asked 1
8

What are Vue Lifecycle Hooks?

Times asked 5
9

What is an asynchronous function?

Times asked 1
10

Explain v-bind.

Times asked 1
11

Difference between v-if and v-show.

Times asked 10
12

Create a button in the frontend that calls a backend API and displays the returned message.

Times asked 1
13

Modify the API/frontend so that the displayed message changes.

Times asked 1

See reviews Proctor801 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Download the project and start all servers.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simple5 terminals redis flask vite worker beat. Redis first. Run frontend backend celery redis beat. Download start all servers.
Ports CORS.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: README.
2

Give a complete demonstration of the application (no interruptions during the demo).

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
3

Open any online JavaScript editor.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplejsfiddle/codepen/vscode. Confirm internet. node file.js too.
Standalone JS file: node. DOM APIs node nahi.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Project example: Browser console also OK.
Project example: Browser console also OK.
4
Given a JSON array of users, write JavaScript code to filter users whose score is greater than a specified value (e.g., score > 15). The JSON data will be provided by the examiner. Run and debug the code if needed.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleJSON array examiner. filter score>15. Debug console. Don't overcomplicate.
Given JSON array users filter score.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Example
```
users.filter(u => u.score > 15)
```
Project example: Run and debug if needed.
5

Be comfortable with core JavaScript, especially: Arrays Objects filter() map() Arrow functions Basic debugging

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplearrays objects filter map arrows debugging. 30 min before viva.
Be comfortable core JS.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Notepad ready.
Project example: Notepad ready.
6

The examiner is patient and allows time to think, code, and debug.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTime milta soch ke bolo. Random paste nahi. Ask clarification.
Confidence while solving: think aloud divide test.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Repeat task, then code.
Project example: Repeat task, then code.
7

Confidence while solving the problem matters.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleThink aloud, divide, test. Marks for approach not only speed.
Copilot band.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Say plan 3 steps then type.
Project example: Say plan 3 steps then type.
8

Most of the emphasis is on JavaScript coding rather than theoretical questions.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplemap/filter/arrow/async garam. Online editor. Not only theory.
Some examiners JS heavy.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Project example: 10 snippets practice.
Project example: 10 snippets practice.

See reviews Level1_107 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1
Write and explain a Login API route.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLogin flow pehle poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", token milne ke baad har API pe wohi proof dikhate ho.
Authentication step: Vue form email + password JSON POST karta hai. Flask user dhoondhta hai, check_password_hash se prove karta hai ki tum genuine ho. Galat 401. Sahi pe JWT + role milta hai — yeh session/token hai.
Vue localStorage (ya cookie) mein token rakhta hai, dashboard pe router.push. Aage ki har fetch header: Authorization: Bearer <token>. @jwt_required identity check (authentication). @roles_required('admin') permission check (authorization) — logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi to 403.
Validation alag cheez hai: empty email, password 8+ — form sahi bhara hai ya nahi. Woh identity prove nahi karta.
Logout = client token delete + login page. Server blacklist optional. Password response JSON mein kabhi mat bhejo.
Example
```
# Authentication
@app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    u = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
    if not u or not check_password_hash(u.password, data['password']):
        return jsonify(msg='bad'), 401
    return jsonify(token=create_access_token(u.id), role=u.role)

# baad ki APIs
# Authorization: Bearer <token>
if current_user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
```
Project example: Login.vue POST /api/login → token LS → interceptor. Student token se admin route = 403. Empty form = validation, galat password = 401.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein password body dikhega localhost pe — prod HTTPS. Response mein hash/password echo mat karo.
2
Create a Vue component from scratch.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleFile.vue export default, import parent/router, register.
Create from scratch live.
Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.
computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.
SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.
Example
```
import Home from './views/Home.vue'
{ path: '/', component: Home }
```
Project example: components/Hello.vue.
3

Write and explain a Celery task (live coding).

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simple@celery.task ping return ok delay from route. Write explain Celery task live.
Worker running.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: tasks.py.
4
What is backref? How is it different from back_populates?

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplebackref jaadu se reverse attribute. back_populates dono taraf likho — clear.
backref='author' Post.author auto. New code back_populates preferred.
Examiner difference almost guaranteed.
ORM objects ko tables se map karta hai — raw SQL kam. SQLAlchemy MAD2 default.
class User(db.Model) + Column + relationship. query.filter_by / db.session.get. Fayda: portable SQLite→Postgres, injection se safer. Nuksaan: N+1, complex SQL.
SQLite file, zero server — course friendly. Postgres scale. Relationships: FK, backref, lazy/joinedload, cascade on delete. Constraints unique/not null integrity.
Bookings source of truth DB, Redis cache copy.
Example
```
posts = db.relationship('Post', backref='author')
# vs
posts = db.relationship('Post', back_populates='author')
Post.author = relationship('User', back_populates='posts')
```
Project example: User.bookings / Booking.user dono explicit back_populates.
5
Explain the Vue Lifecycle Hooks.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.
created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.
Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.
Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.
Example
```
export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}
```
Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.
Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.
6

Prepare all basic Vue, Flask, SQLAlchemy, and Celery concepts, as the examiner may ask follow-up theory questions based on your code.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleVue hooks, JWT flow, cache keys, crontab, relationships. Follow-up why this line.
Level 2 deeper. Theory+code both.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: 1 page cheat sheet then close it.

See reviews Level1_5 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Give an overview/demonstration of the complete application.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
2
Difference between v-if and v-show.

Times asked 10
Official solution

Simplev-if ghar se nikaal deta hai (DOM se). v-show sirf light band karta hai (display:none).
v-if false → element exist hi nahi — costly create/destroy, lekin secret HTML DOM mein nahi.
v-show → hamesha DOM, CSS hide, toggle tez.
Rare / permission UI: v-if (admin panel). Dropdown bar-bar: v-show.
: shorthand v-bind ka, v-if ka nahi.
Example
```
<div v-if="isAdmin">Admin panel</div>
<div v-show="open">Dropdown</div>
```
Project example: Admin links v-if="role==='admin'". FAQ accordion v-show="open".
Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.
3
What is caching? How have you implemented it in your project?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.
Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.
Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.
Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.
Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.
Example
```
@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])
```
Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').
Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.
4
What is crontab?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCrontab 5 boxes: minute hour day-of-month month day-of-week.
crontab(hour=18, minute=0) roz 6pm. day_of_month=1 monthly. minute='*/1' har minute test.
Standard cron seconds support nahi. Examiner 'every 10 seconds' bole to schedule=10.0.
Beat process isi dict ko padhti hai. Edit ke baad beat restart.
Example
```
from celery.schedules import crontab
crontab(hour=18, minute=0)
crontab(minute='*/1')
crontab(day_of_month=1, hour=9, minute=0)
```
Project example: daily 18:00, monthly 1st 09:00. Viva mein dono 17:20 karke live dikhaya.
Viva tipStandard cron seconds support nahi karta. Har 10 sec ke liye Celery schedule=10.0 use karo.
5
Difference between v-bind and v-model.

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleBind = ek tarfa poster lagana. Model = form jo typed text wapas data mein likhe.
Display/image/disabled → v-bind. Input/textarea/select → v-model.
Dono mix: <input v-bind:placeholder="hint" v-model="q">.
Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.
v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.
:key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.
MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.
Example
```
<p>{{ price }}</p>
<img :src="url">
<input v-model="price">
```
Project example: Search box v-model q. Result images :src.
6
What are Vue directives?

Times asked 6
Official solution

SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.
v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.
:src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.
Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.
Example
```
<p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">
```
Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.
Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.
7
Move the navigation bar to the bottom of the page.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleposition:fixed bottom / flex order / swap footer in App.vue.
Confirm UX. Save refresh.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
```
Project example: Navbar.vue or App.vue css.
8

Modify the admin dashboard so that only cancelled appointments are displayed.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefilter status=='cancelled' admin. Query ?status=. Modify dashboard only cancelled.
Show only cancelled bookings.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: AdminAppointments.vue + API filter.
9

Write a query/code to fetch only approved students.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefilter approved True students. Query fetch only approved students.
status field.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: User.query.filter_by(role='student', status='approved')
Project example: User.query.filter_by(role='student', status='approved')

See reviews Level2_137 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Show your ID Card.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe college ID — naam photo match. Identity viva ki pehli gate.
Pehle se haath mein, glare nahi. Examiner screenshot. Phir GitHub + portal ZIP run.
Name GitHub/portal se mismatch red flag.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: ID dikhao, bolo roll/name, phir screen share repo.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2
Show your GitHub repository.

Times asked 9
Official solution

SimpleRepo = evidence tumne kaam kiya: commits, collaborators, README.
Regular messages, last-day dump nahi. Private access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match.
Collaborator settings. Commit dates.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators: apna + teammate (agar allowed).
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Project example: Settings → Collaborators. git log --oneline. README run steps.
Viva tipPrivate repo access de do pehle. Main branch latest submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
3

Demonstrate the complete application.

Times asked 33

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
4
What is a Promise in JavaScript?

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimplePromise IOU hai: abhi nahi, baad mein value ya error.
States: pending, fulfilled, rejected. fetch() promise return. then/catch/finally.
async function hamesha Promise return. await usko unwrap. Galat: await without async; missing await to Promise object milta data nahi.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Example
```
fetch('/api/hello')
  .then(r => r.json())
  .then(d => console.log(d))
  .catch(err => console.error(err))
```
Project example: fetch venues .then json. Ya async mounted await.
5
Difference between Session-based Authentication and JWT Authentication.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSession school id card office mein rakha. Token photocopy jo tum har baar dikhate ho.
Session: Set-Cookie, server store, MAD1 Flask-Login. CSRF risk cookies auto-send.
Token/JWT: SPA + alag port Vue/Flask, scale easy, mobile. XSS if localStorage.
MAD2 typically JWT/Flask-Security token. httpOnly cookie safer lekin CORS+CSRF extra.
Example
```
# session
login_user(user)  # Set-Cookie
# token
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(identity=user.id))
```
Project example: login jsonify token. Vue LS. MAD1 session cookie nahi dikhana unless used.
Viva tipToken localStorage XSS risk; httpOnly cookie safer. Session CSRF risk. MAD2 APIs ke liye JWT/Flask-Security token common.
6

Why did you use Session-based Authentication?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleAgar session: MAD1 habit, cookie auto, httpOnly. Know CSRF.
Only if you used it. Else don't.
Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"
Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).
MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.
Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.
Project example: Honest.
7

Difference between Local Storage and Session Storage.

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleSame API getItem/setItem. SS tab close pe saaf. LS survive. Shared computer pe SS thoda safer.
Token LS common. Session storage quiz in-progress bhi.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: token localStorage. Don't mix randomly.
8

How do you clear Local Storage?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimplelocalStorage.clear() or removeItem('token') logout.
How clear Local Storage.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: logout method.
Project example: logout method.
9
Explain Vue Lifecycle Hooks.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.
created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.
Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.
Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.
Example
```
export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}
```
Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.
Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.
10

Write a JavaScript function that prints your name.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefunction printName(){ console.log('Name') }. Write JS function prints your name.
Call it.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Project example: Notepad node/browser.
Project example: Notepad node/browser.
11

Write a backend route that returns the names of all users.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplejsonify names=[u.name for u in User.query.all()]. Backend route names all users.
No passwords.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: GET /api/names.
Project example: GET /api/names.
12

Show me around your room.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCamera piche desk. Notes phone second laptop hata. ID haath.
Cheating check.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: Pan room then share VS Code.

See reviews Appdev_level1_viva5 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Show Student ID.

Times asked 3

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe college ID — naam photo match. Identity viva ki pehli gate.
Pehle se haath mein, glare nahi. Examiner screenshot. Phir GitHub + portal ZIP run.
Name GitHub/portal se mismatch red flag.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: ID dikhao, bolo roll/name, phir screen share repo.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2
Show GitHub repository and collaborator.

Times asked 5
Official solution

SimpleRepo = evidence tumne kaam kiya: commits, collaborators, README.
Regular messages, last-day dump nahi. Private access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match.
Collaborator settings. Commit dates.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators: apna + teammate (agar allowed).
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Project example: Settings → Collaborators. git log --oneline. README run steps.
Viva tipPrivate repo access de do pehle. Main branch latest submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
3

Download the project from the portal.

Times asked 4

Official solution

SimpleExaminer wohi ZIP chahta hai jo tumne submit kiya, local extra magic nahi.
Portal download → extract → redis, venv, pip, npm, flask, worker, beat.
Checksum maange to hash. Uncommitted files mat dikhana.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) ZIP
2) Extract
3) Redis + venv + pip
4) npm/vite
5) flask + celery worker + beat
Project example: Submitted zip run. README commands copy.
Viva tipChecksum maange to hash match karke dikhao. Extra uncommitted files mat dikhana.
4
Run the frontend, backend, Celery worker, Redis, and Celery Beat.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBeat clock hai, Worker haath hai. Clock kaam nahi karti, haath nahi sochte kab.
Worker: @celery.task execute. Beat: crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daal.
Sirf worker = scheduled nahi. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi.
Dono ke saath redis-server. Logs mein 'Sending due task' Beat, 'Task succeeded' Worker.
Example
```
celery -A app.celery worker -l info
celery -A app.celery beat -l info
```
Project example: daily_reminder Beat 18:00. Worker MailHog. Export worker-only (button).
Viva tipSirf worker = scheduled jobs nahi chalenge. Sirf beat = queue bhar jaaye, koi run nahi karega.
5

Demonstrate the complete application without skipping any features.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
6
Show Celery tasks (daily reminders/monthly reports).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
7
Trigger a scheduled Celery task by changing the schedule to the current time.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
8
Demonstrate only the implemented backend jobs (if export/email features are missing, explain accordingly).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.
Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog
Example
```
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}
```
Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.
9
What is caching (Redis caching)?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.
Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.
Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.
Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.
Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.
Example
```
@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])
```
Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').
Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.
10

Why do we use caching?

Times asked 5

Official solution

SimpleCache isliye taaki 100 users same dashboard pe DB ko 100 baar na maror dein.
Problem: repeated reads, slow page, extra load. Cache seconds ke liye snapshot deta hai.
Nahi use karna: har second badalne wala live stock, user-private secret data bina soch ke (key mein user_id hona chahiye).
Memoization caching ka subset hai (function args). HTTP 304 / browser cache alag layer.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: Shows list har user dekhta hai — perfect cache. Booking POST cache nahi — har baar write.
11
What is Celery?

Times asked 19
Official solution

SimpleCelery = background naukri. HTTP request ko 10 second email bhejne ke liye mat rokna.
Distributed task queue: aap function ko abhi nahi, worker process mein later/retry/schedule pe chalaate ho.
MAD2 typical jobs: daily reminder mail, monthly HTML report, user-triggered CSV export.
Web request 200ms hona chahiye. 10,000 emails request thread mein = timeout. Worker alag CPU pe kaam kare.
Redis broker chahiye. Beat alag process schedule ke liye.
Example
```
@celery.task
def daily_reminder():
    for u in User.query.filter_by(active=True):
        send_mail(u.email, 'Book something today!')
```
Project example: User Export click → 202 Accepted. Worker CSV + email. Daily 6pm Beat reminder.
Viva tipWorker + Redis bina Beat ke user-triggered chalega. Scheduled jobs ke liye Beat bhi chahiye.
12

What is Celery Beat?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCelery Beat = app-level cron. OS crontab se alag, Windows pe bhi chal jaata hai.
CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE dict. Beat process continuously. Timezone naive UTC issues common — demo ke liye current minute set karo.
Celery Python ka distributed task queue — HTTP request ko 10s email/CSV ke liye mat rokna.
Flow: Flask .delay() → Redis broker → Worker execute. Beat alag process hai (clock): crontab padhke due time pe queue mein daalta hai. Beat khud mail nahi bhejta; Worker haath hai.
MAD2 typical: daily reminder (Beat), monthly report (Beat), user Export CSV (button, Beat nahi). JS async/await browser event loop hai, Celery server-side process — mix mat karo.
Demo: tin terminals — redis-server, celery worker, celery beat — plus Flask. MailHog :8025 inbox. Result backend se task SUCCESS poll optional.
Project example: monthly_report crontab(day_of_month=1, hour=8, minute=0).
13

What are asynchronous (async) tasks?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleSync line pe ruk jao (2+2). Async I/O pe wait karte hue baaki kaam chalte (fetch, Celery).
JS async ≠ Celery async jobs. Context se bolo.
Why async jobs: slow/scheduled/bulk off request thread.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Login sync hash check fast. Email Celery async. Vue fetch async.
14
What are Vue directives?

Times asked 6
Official solution

SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.
v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.
:src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.
Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.
Example
```
<p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">
```
Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.
Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.
15
Difference between v-if and v-show.

Times asked 10
Official solution

Simplev-if ghar se nikaal deta hai (DOM se). v-show sirf light band karta hai (display:none).
v-if false → element exist hi nahi — costly create/destroy, lekin secret HTML DOM mein nahi.
v-show → hamesha DOM, CSS hide, toggle tez.
Rare / permission UI: v-if (admin panel). Dropdown bar-bar: v-show.
: shorthand v-bind ka, v-if ka nahi.
Example
```
<div v-if="isAdmin">Admin panel</div>
<div v-show="open">Dropdown</div>
```
Project example: Admin links v-if="role==='admin'". FAQ accordion v-show="open".
Viva tipSecurity ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi chahiye.
16
What is v-model?

Times asked 4
Official solution

Simplev-model do tarfa glue: input likho to data, data badlo to input.
Shorthand :value + @input. Forms ke liye. Display ke liye {{ }} / v-bind kaafi.
v-model.number number input. checkbox boolean. select string.
Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.
v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.
:key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.
MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.
Example
```
<input v-model="email">

<input :value="email" @input="email = $event.target.value">
```
Project example: Login email/password v-model, submit pe JSON POST.
17
Difference between v-model and v-bind.

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleBind = ek tarfa poster lagana. Model = form jo typed text wapas data mein likhe.
Display/image/disabled → v-bind. Input/textarea/select → v-model.
Dono mix: <input v-bind:placeholder="hint" v-model="q">.
Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.
v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.
:key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.
MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.
Example
```
<p>{{ price }}</p>
<img :src="url">
<input v-model="price">
```
Project example: Search box v-model q. Result images :src.
18

What is binding in Vue?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMustache {{ }}, v-bind attrs, v-model forms, v-html careful.
Data binding in Vue.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Form + text + image.
Project example: Form + text + image.
19
What are Props?

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleProps parent ki thali child ko dena. Child thali tod ke parent ki thali na badle — emit bolo.
Declare props, parent :venue="v". One-way. Mutate mat. Types/required Vue 3.
List parent, card child — classic viva.
Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.
computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.
SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.
Example
```
<VenueCard :venue="v" @select="onSelect" />
props: ['venue']
this.$emit('select', this.venue.id)
```
Project example: VenueCard :venue. Child $emit('select', id).
20
Show only booked appointments on the admin dashboard.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle task repeat karke confirm, smallest diff, run, 2 line explain.
Model? API? sirf CSS? Edge case ek. Docs if they allow.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) Confirm
2) Layer choose
3) Change → demo
4) Edge
Example
```
@app.route('/api/hello')
def hello():
    return jsonify(message='Hello World')
```
Project example: Jo feature domain (parking/jobs/tickets) usi language mein variable names.
21

Show only cancelled bookings.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefilter status=='cancelled' admin. Query ?status=. Modify dashboard only cancelled.
Show only cancelled bookings.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: AdminAppointments.vue + API filter.
22
Show only confirmed/paid bookings.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle task repeat karke confirm, smallest diff, run, 2 line explain.
Model? API? sirf CSS? Edge case ek. Docs if they allow.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) Confirm
2) Layer choose
3) Change → demo
4) Edge
Example
```
@app.route('/api/hello')
def hello():
    return jsonify(message='Hello World')
```
Project example: Jo feature domain (parking/jobs/tickets) usi language mein variable names.
23

Show only unassigned treks/doctors using filtering.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefilter assigned_to=None. Vue computed. Show only unassigned treks/doctors.
Same pattern.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: API ?unassigned=1.
Project example: API ?unassigned=1.
24

Limit the doctor list to display only 2 doctors.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplequery.limit(2) or .slice(0,2). Limit doctor list display only 2.
Examiner which.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: backend better.
Project example: backend better.
25
Move the Navbar to the bottom of the page.

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simpleposition:fixed bottom / flex order / swap footer in App.vue.
Confirm UX. Save refresh.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
```
Project example: Navbar.vue or App.vue css.
26

Move the Footer to the top/Navbar position (swap Navbar and Footer).

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleApp.vue Footer where Navbar was and vice versa. Move Footer to Navbar position swap.
Confirm UX weird OK examiner asked.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: App.vue order.
Project example: App.vue order.
27

Move the Search Bar to the right side of the page.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simpleform ms-auto or flex justify-content-end. Move Search Bar right.
Navbar.
MAD2 architecture: Vue SPA (client) → HTTP JSON → Flask API (server) → SQLAlchemy DB. Side path: Flask → Redis broker → Celery worker → MailHog/CSV.
Client-server alag ports. State: Vue memory + LS token. Persistent: SQLite. Cache: Redis. MVC-ish: models.py, API views, Vue templates.
Scale: more workers, Postgres, cache, not 'bigger SQLite file'.
Project example: Navbar.vue.
Project example: Navbar.vue.
28
Add a CSS hover effect to an element.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple.btn:hover { background }. Add CSS hover effect.
Inspect.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
.btn:hover { background: #0a0; transform: scale(1.02); }
```
Project example: style scoped.

See reviews appdev_level1_viva10 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Explain the complete project and all functionalities.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleFeatures tour then architecture then 1 deep dive jobs/cache.
Project statement first. Don't skip celery if required.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: User journey + admin + jobs.
2

Demonstrate all core features and workflows mentioned in the project milestones.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
3
Difference between PUT, PATCH, and POST.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePOST naya janam (har baar naya id). PUT poori photo replace. PATCH sticker chipkao.
POST create, not idempotent. PUT full update, idempotent. PATCH partial.
POST ki jagah PUT se REST semantics toot. GET typically no body.
CRUD map: POST create, GET read, PUT/PATCH update, DELETE delete.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
POST /api/venues
PUT  /api/venues/1   {all fields}
PATCH /api/venues/1 {only name}
```
Project example: POST /api/venues create. PUT /venues/1 saari fields. PATCH sirf name.
4
Show how you display a list of students using a loop (e.g., Jinja for loop over a list of student objects).

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplev-for list. Hamesha :key taaki patch sahi.
(item,i) in items. Nested key unique.
Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.
v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.
:key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.
MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.
Example
```
<li v-for="item in items" :key="item.id">{{ item.name }}</li>
```
Project example: venues v-for VenueCard.
5
Write a Jinja template snippet in Notepad (examiner may randomly ask for syntax such as passing arguments, rendering variables, template expressions, etc.).

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 templates. MAD2 mostly Vue; emails still Jinja. {{ n|cube }} custom filter. Write Jinja snippet Notepad.
extends for block. cube filter.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
{{ value|cube }}
@app.template_filter('cube')
def cube(n): return int(n)**3
```
Project example: reminder.html.

See reviews appdev_level1_viva8 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1
Show GitHub repository and collaborator.

Times asked 5
Official solution

SimpleRepo = evidence tumne kaam kiya: commits, collaborators, README.
Regular messages, last-day dump nahi. Private access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match.
Collaborator settings. Commit dates.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators: apna + teammate (agar allowed).
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Project example: Settings → Collaborators. git log --oneline. README run steps.
Viva tipPrivate repo access de do pehle. Main branch latest submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
2

Demonstrate all the functionalities of the application.

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
3
Authentication vs Authorization.

Times asked 10
Official solution

SimpleAuthentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"
Authentication: login. Username + password check karke prove karte ho ki tum genuine user ho. Success pe session/token milta hai.
Authorization: uske baad role check. Admin hi parking lot / venue / drive delete kar sakta hai, normal user nahi.
MAD2 mein yeh alag layers hain: login API = authentication (JWT milta hai). @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization.
Validation alag cheez hai (form sahi bhara hai ya nahi, jaise age 18+). Authentication identity hai, authorization permission, validation input quality.
Example
```
# Authentication
if user and check_password_hash(user.password, form_password):
    token = create_access_token(identity=user.id)

# Authorization
if current_user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)  # logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi
```
Project example: Student login = authentication. Student admin dashboard nahi khol sakta = authorization. Frontend button hide sirf UX hai — asli check backend pe hona chahiye.
Viva tip401 = not logged in / bad token. 403 = logged in, role galat. Examiner yeh difference bahut poochta hai.
4
Session-based vs Token-based authentication.

Times asked 3
Official solution

SimpleSession school id card office mein rakha. Token photocopy jo tum har baar dikhate ho.
Session: Set-Cookie, server store, MAD1 Flask-Login. CSRF risk cookies auto-send.
Token/JWT: SPA + alag port Vue/Flask, scale easy, mobile. XSS if localStorage.
MAD2 typically JWT/Flask-Security token. httpOnly cookie safer lekin CORS+CSRF extra.
Example
```
# session
login_user(user)  # Set-Cookie
# token
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(identity=user.id))
```
Project example: login jsonify token. Vue LS. MAD1 session cookie nahi dikhana unless used.
Viva tipToken localStorage XSS risk; httpOnly cookie safer. Session CSRF risk. MAD2 APIs ke liye JWT/Flask-Security token common.
5

What is Token-based authentication?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleHar request pe token dikhao. Server session yaad nahi rakhta (mostly).
Login issue, store, send, verify, exp. Logout = client delete (+ server blacklist optional).
Authentication poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", Authorization poochta hai "tujhe yeh kaam karne ki permission hai?"
Authentication: login. Username + password hash check. Success pe JWT/session. Galat credentials = 401.
Authorization: uske baad role. Admin hi venue/lot delete kare, student nahi = 403 (logged in ho, allowed nahi).
MAD2: POST /api/login = authentication. @jwt_required identity. @roles_required('admin') ya Vue v-if="isAdmin" = authorization. Frontend hide sirf UX — asli deny backend pe.
Validation alag: form sahi bhara (email format, age 18+). Woh identity prove nahi karta. Password store hash (Werkzeug), JWT payload padha ja sakta hai isliye secret mat daalo.
Project example: Bearer header. 401 pe redirect login.
6
What is caching?

Times asked 23
Official solution

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.
Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.
Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.
Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.
Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.
Example
```
@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])
```
Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').
Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.
7
What is Redis?

Times asked 21
Official solution

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Example
```
import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))
```
Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.
Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.
8
What is async in JavaScript?

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleasync/await Promise ko seedha-seedha padhne jaisa banata hai, magic nahi.
await sirf async ke andar. try/catch reject. Parallel: Promise.all.
Celery se confuse mat hona — yeh JS event loop, woh Python worker.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Example
```
async function load() {
  const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
  return r.json()
}
```
Project example: async mounted() { this.rows = await api() }
9

What is await?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimplePause async fn until settle. Value or throw.
Missing await = Promise not data.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: this.items = await res.json()
Project example: this.items = await res.json()
10

What is const in JavaScript?

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simpleconst rebind nahi, object mutate ho sakta. let reassign. var avoid.
Why const not let: safer default.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: const token = ... let count if changes.
11

Why use const instead of let?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleIntent + prevent bugs reassignment. linters.
let only if reassign.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Most Vue setup consts refs mutate .value.
Project example: Most Vue setup consts refs mutate .value.
12
What is the mounted() lifecycle hook in Vue?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleonMounted = Composition API ka mounted. setup() ke andar call.
Options API: mounted() method. Mix mat. Vue 3 dono chalte.
Lifecycle = component ki zindagi: created (instance, DOM nahi) → mounted/onMounted (DOM ready — fetch, Chart.js yahi) → updated → unmounted (clearInterval).
Dashboard API created mein isliye nahi ki $el/canvas missing ho sakta. Composition API: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar. Options: mounted() method. Mix mat.
Examiner 'konsa hook use kiya' — related .vue kholo, line padh ke bolo.
Example
```
import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue'
const items = ref([])
onMounted(async () => {
  items.value = await (await fetch('/api/items')).json()
})
```
Project example: script setup: onMounted(loadStats).
13

Where have you implemented caching?

Times asked 7

Official solution

SimpleGET lists/stats @cache.cached. Mutations pe delete. CACHE_TYPE Redis.
Why each route: public repeated reads. User-private careful.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: File+line decorator. redis-cli get key optional.
14

Where have you used Redis?

Times asked 2

Official solution

Simpledb indexes cache vs broker, ping, which keys, why used.
Physical RAM. Vue nahi. Hit miss. Celery alag.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: config URLs + decorator + celery broker.
15

Explain how caching works in your project.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleKaunsi routes, timeout, key, invalidation, hit/miss demo.
Stale story. print miss only.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: Open cached view + write delete.
16
Show the frontend code using async, await, and mounted().

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplefetch browser ka daakia. res.ok khud throw nahi karta — check karo.
JSON header, Authorization Bearer. try/catch network. 400 pe message toast.
Axios interceptors token auto. fetch verbose lekin native.
JS browser ki language. const rebind nahi, let block. Arrow () => this lexical.
Promise: pending/fulfill/reject. async/await usko seedha padhne jaisa. try/catch await pe. Yeh Celery nahi — Celery Python worker.
fetch native AJAX. array.filter/map computed lists. Vue data reactive; plain JS DOM querySelector se manual.
Example
```
async mounted() {
  const res = await fetch('/api/hello', {
    headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer ' + token }
  })
  if (!res.ok) throw new Error(res.status)
  this.msg = (await res.json()).message
}
```
Project example: api.js wrapper. Har component usse. Error banner.

See reviews Level2_129 MAD2 Level 1

Aug 3, 2026

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1

Show Student ID card.

Times asked 3

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe college ID — naam photo match. Identity viva ki pehli gate.
Pehle se haath mein, glare nahi. Examiner screenshot. Phir GitHub + portal ZIP run.
Name GitHub/portal se mismatch red flag.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Project example: ID dikhao, bolo roll/name, phir screen share repo.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Examiner screenshot/verify karta hai. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
2
Show GitHub collaborator.

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleRepo = evidence tumne kaam kiya: commits, collaborators, README.
Regular messages, last-day dump nahi. Private access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match.
Collaborator settings. Commit dates.
Example
```
Settings → Collaborators: apna + teammate (agar allowed).
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.
```
Project example: Settings → Collaborators. git log --oneline. README run steps.
Viva tipPrivate repo access de do pehle. Main branch latest submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.
3

Demonstrate the complete project.

Times asked 3

Official solution

SimpleDemo 5–7 min ki kahani: saari roles, koi milestone skip nahi, bolte-bolte dikhao.
Examiner list tick karta hai. Crash ho to panic nahi — terminal error padho.
Code tab kholna jab poochhein. Extra uncommitted features mat dikhana agar portal ZIP mein nahi.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search + charts
6) CSV export / email job
7) Logout
Project example: Jo statement/parking/jobs/tickets hai uske user+admin journeys.
Viva tipBol: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Mandatory features pehle, polish baad.
4

What is Virtual DOM?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleVirtual DOM memory tree. Diff, sirf farq real DOM pe. Fayda kam DOM ops. Nuksaan chhote page overhead.
Vue/React. jQuery direct DOM. Lose reactivity Vue2 new property bina set.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: v-for list patch, poora innerHTML nahi.
5
Token-based vs Session-based authentication.

Times asked 4
Official solution

SimpleSession school id card office mein rakha. Token photocopy jo tum har baar dikhate ho.
Session: Set-Cookie, server store, MAD1 Flask-Login. CSRF risk cookies auto-send.
Token/JWT: SPA + alag port Vue/Flask, scale easy, mobile. XSS if localStorage.
MAD2 typically JWT/Flask-Security token. httpOnly cookie safer lekin CORS+CSRF extra.
Example
```
# session
login_user(user)  # Set-Cookie
# token
return jsonify(token=create_access_token(identity=user.id))
```
Project example: login jsonify token. Vue LS. MAD1 session cookie nahi dikhana unless used.
Viva tipToken localStorage XSS risk; httpOnly cookie safer. Session CSRF risk. MAD2 APIs ke liye JWT/Flask-Security token common.
6
Explain your login/authentication logic.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLogin flow pehle poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", token milne ke baad har API pe wohi proof dikhate ho.
Authentication step: Vue form email + password JSON POST karta hai. Flask user dhoondhta hai, check_password_hash se prove karta hai ki tum genuine ho. Galat 401. Sahi pe JWT + role milta hai — yeh session/token hai.
Vue localStorage (ya cookie) mein token rakhta hai, dashboard pe router.push. Aage ki har fetch header: Authorization: Bearer <token>. @jwt_required identity check (authentication). @roles_required('admin') permission check (authorization) — logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi to 403.
Validation alag cheez hai: empty email, password 8+ — form sahi bhara hai ya nahi. Woh identity prove nahi karta.
Logout = client token delete + login page. Server blacklist optional. Password response JSON mein kabhi mat bhejo.
Example
```
# Authentication
@app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    u = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
    if not u or not check_password_hash(u.password, data['password']):
        return jsonify(msg='bad'), 401
    return jsonify(token=create_access_token(u.id), role=u.role)

# baad ki APIs
# Authorization: Bearer <token>
if current_user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
```
Project example: Login.vue POST /api/login → token LS → interceptor. Student token se admin route = 403. Empty form = validation, galat password = 401.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein password body dikhega localhost pe — prod HTTPS. Response mein hash/password echo mat karo.
7
Explain caching.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.
Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.
Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.
Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.
Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.
Example
```
@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])
```
Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').
Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.
8

Why do we use caching?

Times asked 5

Official solution

SimpleCache isliye taaki 100 users same dashboard pe DB ko 100 baar na maror dein.
Problem: repeated reads, slow page, extra load. Cache seconds ke liye snapshot deta hai.
Nahi use karna: har second badalne wala live stock, user-private secret data bina soch ke (key mein user_id hona chahiye).
Memoization caching ka subset hai (function args). HTTP 304 / browser cache alag layer.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: Shows list har user dekhta hai — perfect cache. Booking POST cache nahi — har baar write.
9

Explain where and how caching is implemented.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleKaunsi routes, timeout, key, invalidation, hit/miss demo.
Stale story. print miss only.
Redis in-memory key-value store hai — fridge pe sticky note, poori kitchen (SQL database) har baar mat kholo.
MAD2 mein Redis do kaam: (1) cache — same venues/shows/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se nahi (2) Celery broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.
Flow: cache.get(key) → hit pe return, miss pe SQLAlchemy + SET with timeout. Admin write ke baad cache.delete, warna stale list.
Source of truth database hi hai. Redis crash/band = cache miss (app chalni chahiye) + queue ruk sakti hai. Important bookings sirf Redis mein mat rakho.
Alag: Redis ≠ Memcached (Celery broker nahi). Redis ≠ localStorage (woh browser). redis-cli ping → PONG viva proof.
Project example: Open cached view + write delete.
10
Explain the login flow in your application.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLogin flow pehle poochta hai "tu kaun hai?", token milne ke baad har API pe wohi proof dikhate ho.
Authentication step: Vue form email + password JSON POST karta hai. Flask user dhoondhta hai, check_password_hash se prove karta hai ki tum genuine ho. Galat 401. Sahi pe JWT + role milta hai — yeh session/token hai.
Vue localStorage (ya cookie) mein token rakhta hai, dashboard pe router.push. Aage ki har fetch header: Authorization: Bearer <token>. @jwt_required identity check (authentication). @roles_required('admin') permission check (authorization) — logged in ho, lekin allowed nahi to 403.
Validation alag cheez hai: empty email, password 8+ — form sahi bhara hai ya nahi. Woh identity prove nahi karta.
Logout = client token delete + login page. Server blacklist optional. Password response JSON mein kabhi mat bhejo.
Example
```
# Authentication
@app.route('/api/login', methods=['POST'])
def login():
    u = User.query.filter_by(email=data['email']).first()
    if not u or not check_password_hash(u.password, data['password']):
        return jsonify(msg='bad'), 401
    return jsonify(token=create_access_token(u.id), role=u.role)

# baad ki APIs
# Authorization: Bearer <token>
if current_user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
```
Project example: Login.vue POST /api/login → token LS → interceptor. Student token se admin route = 403. Empty form = validation, galat password = 401.
Viva tipNetwork tab mein password body dikhega localhost pe — prod HTTPS. Response mein hash/password echo mat karo.
11
Move the Navbar to the bottom of the page.

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simpleposition:fixed bottom / flex order / swap footer in App.vue.
Confirm UX. Save refresh.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Example
```
nav { position: fixed; bottom: 0; width: 100%; }
```
Project example: Navbar.vue or App.vue css.
12

Modify the doctor's appointment page so that only treated patients' appointments are displayed.

Times asked 1

Official solution

Simplefilter treated=True doctor page. Modify appointment page treated patients.
Project-specific filter pattern.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: query.filter_by(treated=True).
Project example: query.filter_by(treated=True).

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