Search viva questions

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.

Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleLifecycle hooks = component stages (created/mounted/updated/unmounted). Data fetch usually mounted/onMounted.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

Example

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.

Example

if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

SimpleCASCADE = parent gaya to bacche bhi. Restrict = pehle bacche sambhalo.

ON DELETE CASCADE SQL. SQLAlchemy cascade='all, delete-orphan' collection se orphans.
Opposite auto nahi — child delete se parent nahi marata.

Venue delete: bookings restrict (safer viva) ya cascade+cancel policy. Examiner design poochta hai.

ON UPDATE CASCADE PK change — rare. SET NULL, RESTRICT bhi options.

Example

shows = db.relationship('Show', cascade='all, delete-orphan', back_populates='venue')

Project example: Show belongs Venue delete-orphan. Booking venue pe restrict — 'reassign first'.

Viva tipVenue delete pe bookings: restrict (mat delete) ya cascade+refund policy. Examiner design poochta hai. Cascade UPDATE bhi hota hai (PK change) — rare.

SimpleRedis fridge pe sticky note hai — poori kitchen (database) kholne ki zarurat nahi.

Redis in-memory key-value store hai. Data RAM mein rehta hai, isliye disk wale SQLite/Postgres se kai guna tez.

MAD2 mein Redis do kaam karta hai:
1) Cache — same venue/show/dashboard JSON baar-baar DB se mat nikaalo.
2) Celery message broker — Flask task queue mein daalta hai, worker uthata hai.

Source of truth database hi hai. Redis band ho to cache miss ho jaata hai aur Celery queue ruk sakti hai. Crash pe cache gayab ho sakta hai — isliye important data sirf Redis mein mat rakho.

Example

import redis
r = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
r.set('venues', json.dumps(data), ex=30)
print(r.get('venues'))

Project example: GET /api/venues pehle Redis dekho. Miss pe SQLAlchemy query, phir SET with timeout. Celery worker Redis list se daily reminder uthata hai.

Viva tipCache ke liye db=1, broker ke liye db=0 rakhna smart hai taaki keys mix na hon. Viva mein redis-cli ping → PONG dikhana strong hai.

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).

Example

# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)

SimpleSlots = dabbe ke andar parent apna HTML daal de. Props data, slots markup.

Default slot, named slots. App.vue router-view layout jaisa outlet.

Agar nahi use kiya: 'layout router-view se kiya' valid.

Component = reusable UI block (Navbar, Card). Props parent→child data, emit child→parent event. Slots parent HTML inner content.

computed cache + reactive derive (filtered list). watch side-effect (query change pe API). methods events. ref() primitive, reactive() object. Vuex/Pinia global store; localStorage persist, store nahi.

SFC: template + script + style ek .vue file. Parent-child exam favourite: list parent, row child :item + @delete.

Example

<div class="card"><slot>Default</slot></div>
<Card><p>Custom body</p></Card>

Project example: Card.vue <slot>Default</slot>. Parent custom body.

Simplejsonify Python dict/list ko JSON response + proper Content-Type deta hai.

Example

return jsonify(message='ok', count=3), 200

SimpleVue directive = special attr: v-if, v-for, v-model, v-bind, v-show — DOM ko declarative control.

Simplelogin_required jaisa decorator protected routes pe: session nahi to login redirect.

Example

def login_required(fn):
    @wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*a, **k):
        if 'user_id' not in session:
            return redirect(url_for('auth.login'))
        return fn(*a, **k)
    return wrapper

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimplePOST naya janam (har baar naya id). PUT poori photo replace. PATCH sticker chipkao.

POST create, not idempotent. PUT full update, idempotent. PATCH partial.

POST ki jagah PUT se REST semantics toot. GET typically no body.

CRUD map: POST create, GET read, PUT/PATCH update, DELETE delete.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Example

POST /api/venues
PUT  /api/venues/1   {all fields}
PATCH /api/venues/1 {only name}

Project example: POST /api/venues create. PUT /venues/1 saari fields. PATCH sirf name.

SimpleSMTP = email bhejne ka protocol, jaise HTTP web ka.

Ports: 587 STARTTLS, 465 SMTPS, 25 server-server. Dev: MailHog 1025.

Flask-Mail wrap. Sync send slow — Celery task se bhejo.

Fayda: universal. Nuksaan: spam, deliverability (SPF/DKIM), no guarantee like API.

Example

app.config['MAIL_SERVER'] = 'localhost'
app.config['MAIL_PORT'] = 1025
mail.send(Message('Hi', recipients=['a@b.com'], body='Hello'))

Project example: MAIL_SERVER=localhost MAIL_PORT=1025. Production later SendGrid/SES.

Viva tipFayda: universal. Nuksaan: deliverability, spam, sync send slow — isliye Celery + MailHog in dev.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.

Example

@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'

SimpleGitHub repo open karo: commits, collaborators, README. Examiner check karta hai tumne khud kaam kiya.

Example

Settings → Collaborators
Commits: regular messages, last-day dump nahi.

Viva tipPrivate repo access pehle de do. Main branch submitted ZIP se match honi chahiye.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice karo, 5-7 minute, saari roles.

Suggested flow

1) Register/login user 2) Admin login — CRUD 3) Approval/blacklist 4) Booking/apply 5) Search 6) Validation edge (slots 0, duplicate) 7) Logout
Bolte-bolte dikhao: 'Yahan overbooking rokta hoon'. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
Crash ho to debug calmly: terminal error, typo, DB path.
Mandatory features skip mat karna — examiner list tick karta hai.

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).

Example

# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

Example

@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

SimpleRBAC = Role Based Access Control. Roles (admin/user) se permissions milti hain, har user pe alag list nahi.

Example

if current_user.role != 'admin':
    flash('Not allowed')
    return redirect(url_for('user.home'))

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleGraph/chart section: Chart.js labels/datasets ya template loop. Color/data source file dikhao aur chhota change karke refresh.

SimpleChhota JS function likho — validate form, toggle class, fetch call.

Example

function validateEmail(e) {
  return e.includes('@') && e.includes('.');
}

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).

Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimpleCache = pehli baar hisaab karke copy rakh lo, doosri baar copy dikha do.

Baar-baar same expensive kaam (DB query, counting bookings) mat karo. Result Redis jaise store mein timeout ke saath rakh do.

Cache hit: key mil gayi, DB skip. Cache miss: DB se lao, SET karo, return karo.

Tradeoff: speed vs stale data. Admin naya venue add kare aur cache 50s ka ho to user purani list dekh sakta hai — isliye write pe invalidation zaroori hai.

Browser cache, Flask-Caching, Redis alag layers hain. MAD2 examiner Redis + @cache.cached code dekhta hai.

Example

@cache.cached(timeout=50, query_string=True)
@app.route('/api/shows')
def shows():
    return jsonify([s.serialize() for s in Show.query.all()])

Project example: Admin dashboard counts / venues list cache. Create/update/delete ke baad cache.delete('venues').

Viva tipprint('DB queried') function ke andar laga ke miss/hit demo karo — hit pe print nahi chalega.

SimpleLive jobs: Redis, worker, beat, crontab abhi, logs + email/CSV.

Scheduled vs user-triggered dono dikhao. Missing feature honestly.

Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.

Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.

Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.

Suggested flow1) redis
2) worker
3) beat
4) crontab now
5) logs + MailHog

Example

CELERY_BEAT_SCHEDULE = {
  'daily-reminder': {
    'task': 'jobs.daily_reminder',
    'schedule': crontab(hour=18, minute=0),
  },
}

Project example: Change schedule current time. MailHog. Export button 202.

SimplelocalStorage sessionStorage cookies IndexedDB memory Cache API. Types browser storage. Client-side storage.

What types available. Other than LS.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: We used LS for JWT. Cookies empty.

SimpleCascade parent delete pe children pe kya ho: delete-orphan related rows hata deta hai.

Example

db.relationship('Spot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

Viva tipParking lot delete → uske spots/bookings policy clear bolo.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.

Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).

CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.

CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.

Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.

Example

<!-- CDN -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build

Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.

Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.