Viva Prep

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.

Example

@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'

SimpleRBAC = Role Based Access Control. Roles (admin/user) se permissions milti hain, har user pe alag list nahi.

Example

if current_user.role != 'admin':
    flash('Not allowed')
    return redirect(url_for('user.home'))

SimpleSync line pe ruk jao (2+2). Async I/O pe wait karte hue baaki kaam chalte (fetch, Celery).

JS async ≠ Celery async jobs. Context se bolo.

Why async jobs: slow/scheduled/bulk off request thread.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: Login sync hash check fast. Email Celery async. Vue fetch async.

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

SimpleLifecycle = component ki zindagi ke stages. API call tab jab DOM ready ho — mounted.

created: instance bani, this data, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: page pe aa gaya — fetch, Chart.js, setInterval.
updated: data change ke baad. unmounted: cleanup (clearInterval) warna memory leak.

Dashboards onMounted isliye: canvas/API tab valid. created mein $el nahi.

Composition: onMounted(() => {}) setup ke andar.

Example

export default {
  async mounted() {
    const r = await fetch('/api/venues')
    this.venues = await r.json()
  }
}

Project example: Venues.vue mounted fetch list. Clock component unmounted pe interval clear.

Viva tipcreated: data setup, DOM nahi. mounted/onMounted: $el mil gaya — fetch yahi. Dashboards isliye onMounted use karti hain.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.

Example

spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')

SimpleStack bolo: Python, Flask, Jinja2, SQLAlchemy, SQLite, HTML/CSS/Bootstrap, maybe Chart.js.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimpleGitHub repo public/private policy ke hisaab, MAD-1 collaborator add, commits dikhao.

Repo → Settings → Collaborators → instructor added.
Commits: git log / GitHub History — regular commits better, ek dum 1 commit suspicious.
README + report mein AI usage likha hona chahiye agar use kiya.

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.

Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)

Example

class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleCode dikhao to pehle related file: models → route → template. Flow explain karte hue lines padho.

SimpleMAD1 frontend usually Jinja templates + HTML/CSS/Bootstrap (+ thoda JS). MAD2 pe Vue ho to clearly bolo.

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

Example

q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()

SimpleMAD1 frontend usually Jinja templates + HTML/CSS/Bootstrap (+ thoda JS). MAD2 pe Vue ho to clearly bolo.

SimpleSearch: form/query param → ilike filter → results template.

Example

q = request.args.get('q', '').strip()
lots = Lot.query.filter(Lot.name.ilike(f'%{q}%')).all()

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.

Example

@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.

SimpleIndex = column pe shortcut book — WHERE/JOIN tez. PK auto-indexed. Email/unique filters pe index socho.

Example

email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, index=True)

SimpleNormalisation: redundant data kam, tables todna. 1NF atomic, 2NF partial dep hatao, 3NF transitive dep hatao.

Viva tip

Exampleuser address alag table vs har booking mein dubara store.

SimpleNormalisation: redundant data kam, tables todna. 1NF atomic, 2NF partial dep hatao, 3NF transitive dep hatao.

Viva tip

Exampleuser address alag table vs har booking mein dubara store.

SimpleDijkstra shortest path in weighted graph (non-negative). Priority queue + distances. Parking app se related nahi usually — algo side Q.

SimpleTime complexity input size ke saath time kaise badhta hai.

O(1): dict lookup. O(n): list mein loop. O(n^2): nested loops.

Example

User.query.all() phir Python mein filter = O(n). DB pe indexed WHERE tez.

Search suggestions: prefix index / ILIKE, nai to har keypress pe poori table mat ghumao.

Simple:class object/array/string dynamic CSS.

Purpose dynamic class. Error red.

Directives Vue ke special attributes hain — HTML ko superpower: v-if/v-show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model.

v-if DOM se hataata/jodta. v-show sirf CSS display. Rare/permission: v-if. Bar-bar toggle: v-show. v-model two-way form. v-bind one-way JS→attribute.

:key v-for pe zaroori warna Vue galat reuse. v-html XSS. Secret UI ke liye sirf v-if kaafi nahi — API 403 bhi.

MAD1 Jinja server HTML. MAD2 yeh directives browser mein reactive.

Example

<div :class="{ 'text-danger': error, 'fw-bold': important }">Msg</div>

Project example: :class="{ 'text-danger': error }"

SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

Example

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

Example

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

SimpleCSRF: attacker tumhari logged-in browser se unwanted POST. CSRF token form mein proof hai request genuine hai.

Viva tipFlask-WTF CSRF protect karta hai. Token bina POST reject.

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.

Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout

Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.

SimplePayload = dabba ke andar samaan (body). JWT payload beech wala claims (encrypted nahi).

POST haan JSON. GET query string. JWT payload vs HTTP payload alag context.

HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

Project example: request.get_json() create venue. Token payload user id jwt.io.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.

Example

@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'

SimpleSQLAlchemy Python ka sabse popular ORM hai. MAD1 mein Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper use hota hai.

db = SQLAlchemy(app)

class Book(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)

Operations: db.session.add(obj), .commit(), .delete(obj), Model.query.all(), .filter_by(), .get_or_404(id).
db.Model ek class hai (function nahi). db object engine + session + metadata hold karta hai.

SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=False extra signals band karta hai, performance warning hatati hai.

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Database tables ko Python classes/objects se map karta hai, raw SQL kam likhni padti hai.

Bina ORM: cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=?', [5])
ORM se: User.query.get(5) ya db.session.get(User, 5)

Example model

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

FaydePython mein soch sakte ho, SQL injection se protection (parameterized), relationships easy, DB switch thoda aasan.

Nuksaancomplex queries slow/abstract, seekhne ki layer extra, kabhi raw SQL phir bhi chahiye.

MAD1: SQLAlchemy (Flask-SQLAlchemy). Tables db.create_all() ya migrations se banti hain.

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.

Example

class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5

Simplecommit changes save. rollback fail pe undo. Transaction consistency ke liye.

Example

try:
    db.session.add(obj)
    db.session.commit()
except Exception:
    db.session.rollback()
    raise

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.

Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Simpleasync function promise return karti hai. await us promise ka result wait karta hai — callback hell kam.

Example

async function loadLots() {
  const res = await fetch('/api/lots');
  const data = await res.json();
  return data;
}

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

:src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

Example

<p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

SimpleDOM HTML tree. JS nodes change. Vue Virtual DOM ke through, direct kam.

Manipulation innerHTML vs Vue data. Remove CSS class = rules gone layout may collapse.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: Inspect Elements. Vue devtools.

SimpleCDN = Vue script tag se, jaise pen drive. CLI/Vite = poori factory (SFC, npm, bundle).

CDN: no build, chhote apps, exam PC pe Node nahi to bhi chal. Weak: no .vue compile, 3rd-party cache, scale/team.

CLI/Vite: Single File Components, env, code-split, production dist/. Scalable.

Examiner 'which + why' — jo use kiya wahi justify, doosra naam rato mat.

Example

<!-- CDN -->
<script src="https://unpkg.com/vue@3/dist/vue.global.js"></script>

# Vite
npm run dev
npm run build

Project example: CDN: index.html unpkg vue. CLI: package.json, npm run serve / vite.

Viva tipCDN scalable large teams ke liye weak (no SFC compile, caching 3rd party). Examiner 'which + why' poochta hai — jo use kiya wahi justify karo.

SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

Example

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

SimpleHTTP verbs REST ke tools. Methods HTTP ke hain, REST unhe convention se use karta hai.

GET read cacheable. POST create payload. PUT replace. PATCH patch. DELETE remove.

GET exists bina REST ke bhi — browser address bar.

HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.

Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.

AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.

Example

GET /api/venues
POST /api/venues
PUT /api/venues/1
DELETE /api/venues/1

Project example: resources.py methods list. Postman 4-5 calls.

Viva tipGET typically no body (cacheable). POST/PUT/PATCH haan payload. PUT idempotent, POST nahi.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleRedis box hai, Celery us box se kaam uthane wala worker hai — same cheez nahi.

Redis: store (cache keys) + queue (broker lists).
Celery: Python library jo tasks define karti hai, .delay() se queue mein daalti hai, worker execute karta hai.

Dono localhost pe ho sakte hain. Alag Redis DB index use karo. Redis band = cache miss + Celery stuck.

Example

Celery: broker_url='redis://localhost:6379/0'
Cache:  CACHE_REDIS_URL='redis://localhost:6379/1'

Project example: export_csv.delay(user_id) Flask se. Worker Redis se task uthata hai, CSV+email. Cache alag keys venues.

Viva tipAgar possible ho to cache db=1, broker db=0 — keys mix nahi hoti.

SimpleFlask lightweight Python web framework — routes, request/response, templates. MAD1 ka backend yahi hai.

Example

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def home():
    return 'Hello'

Viva tipFlask micro hai: jo chahiye (DB, login, forms) khud jodte ho.

SimpleRoutes/controllers URLs handle karte hain. app.py app banata hai, models.py data, templates/ views, static/ CSS-JS.

Typical structure:
app.py / __init__.py → Flask app, db.init, register blueprints
models.py → tables
routes.py / views → @app.route functions
templates/ → Jinja HTML
static/ → css, images
instance/*.db → SQLite

Ek route explain karne ka template:
1) URL + methods 2) Auth/role check 3) Form/query se data 4) Business rule (duplicate, slots) 5) db.session 6) render ya redirect

Example GET+POST same route: GET form, POST save.
Data HTML se: form name= → request.form. Data HTML ko: render_template(..., items=query).
Nayi .py file: import karke use karo, warna Flask ko pata nahi. Folder rename: imports/paths/templates check.

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.

Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case

Example

# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect

Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

SimpleENUM allowed values set. App-level choices bhi. Status pending/approved.

What are ENUMs.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Project example: status string with check or Enum.

Project example: status string with check or Enum.

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.

Example

if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')

Simple__tablename__ explicit. Hatao class→user auto. Explicit rename/legacy better.

Is it mandatory? No. Why use: control name reserved stable migrations. Remove → autogenerate maybe change.

Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).

4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.

Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.

Example

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'

Project example: class User __tablename__='users'.

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.

Example

session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)

Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().

SimpleDirectives Vue ke special attributes — HTML ko superpower.

v-if/else/show, v-for, v-bind (:), v-on (@), v-model, v-html (XSS), v-cloak, v-slot.

:src = v-bind:src. @click = v-on:click.

Custom directives bhi (v-focus) — course basics kaafi.

Example

<p v-if="ok">Yes</p>
<li v-for="u in users" :key="u.id">{{ u.name }}</li>
<input v-model="email">
<img :src="url">

Project example: List v-for :key. Form v-model. Admin v-if. Image :src.

Viva tip: src ke liye v-bind:src ka shorthand. @click = v-on:click.

SimpleVue = UI ka smart assistant. Data badlo, screen khud update. MAD1 Jinja har click pe naya HTML.

Progressive frontend framework. Components, reactivity, directives.

MAD2 SPA: ek index.html, Vue Router pages, Flask sirf JSON.

Fayde: easy, SFC, docs. Vs React: templates HTML-like, course sikhata hai. Vs plain JS: baar-baar DOM mat chhedo.

Example

<!-- HelloWorld.vue -->
<template>
  <h1>{{ msg }}</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default { data() { return { msg: 'Hello' } } }
</script>

Project example: Navbar.vue + views (Login, Dashboard). data() / setup() reactive. fetch APIs.

Viva tipFayde: easy, SFC, reactivity. Vs React: chhota learning curve. Vs plain JS: UI state auto-update.

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.

Example

/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }

Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

SimpleMAD1 frontend usually Jinja templates + HTML/CSS/Bootstrap (+ thoda JS). MAD2 pe Vue ho to clearly bolo.

Simplejsonify Python dict/list ko JSON response + proper Content-Type deta hai.

Example

return jsonify(message='ok', count=3), 200

SimpleInt column mein string daalne pe SQLAlchemy/DB type error ya Integrity/StatementError. Empty table pe bhi same validation fail — row count matter nahi.

Example

# SQLite may coerce sometimes; Postgres: invalid input syntax for integer
Spot(status='free', lot_id='abc')  # lot_id int → error

SimpleStatus code server ka result: 200 OK, 302 redirect, 400 bad input, 401/403 auth, 404 not found, 500 server error.

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.