Lazy IITians – Viva Prep

See reviews EXAM@STUDY.IITM.AC.IN MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1
He will not ask anything but give you entire question to write. You will have make anew route, vue.js, hard code the ids everything

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.
Example
```
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
```

Advice: Just pray the God

See reviews Level3_12 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

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1
1.self introduction

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simple30 second: naam, degree, project kya hai, stack (Flask + Jinja + SQLAlchemy + SQLite).
Example
```
Main Priya, IITM BS. MAD1 mein parking/ticket app — Flask backend, Jinja templates, session login, SQLite.
```
2

3.ask to login in admin,staff,treker

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
3

4.add trek,edit trek,book trek

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
4

6.mvc

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
5

7.mvc in my code

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
6

17.which architecture i have used in my project

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleMAD1 typical: Browser → Flask routes → validate/auth → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Jinja response.
Suggested flowRequest → Route → Auth check → DB → render_template / redirect
7
18.which template i have used

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleextends poora layout inherit karta hai, include chhota piece insert karta hai.
extends: child page base.html ka structure use karti hai, blocks override karti hai. Ek hi parent.
include: navbar.html / footer.html jahan chaho insert. Kai baar use ho sakta hai.
base.html:
```
{% block content %}{% endblock %}

home.html:
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}<h1>Home</h1>{% endblock %}

{% include 'navbar.html' %}  → navbar har page pe
```
Fayda: header/footer ek jagah, change once — saari pages update. MAD1 mein almost har project use karta hai.
8
19.what jinja will do

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
```
{% for lot in lots %}
  <li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
  <p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
```
9

21.client server

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleClient maangta hai, Server jawab deta hai.
Client: browser (Chrome). HTML/CSS/JS run, request bhejta hai.
Server: Flask app. Route handle, DB query, response.
Request-response: GET /dashboard → Flask HTML return → browser render.
MAD1 project client-server hai kyunki browser aur Flask alag processes hain, HTTP se baat karte hain. Distributed tab kehlata jab kai servers/services alag machines pe hon.
10
22.get vs post

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Example
```
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')
```
11

25.by what https is more secure

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleHTTP postcard (koi padh le). HTTPS envelope (TLS lock).
Same headers, encrypted channel. MITM se password/token bachao. Local viva HTTP OK.
HTTP/1.1 version keep-alive. TCP neeche, TLS security layer, SMTP mail alag.
Browser + API ke beech extra darwaze: CORS origin allow, HTTPS encrypt transit, CSRF cookie-auto-send attack, XSS HTML inject, SQL injection raw query.
MAD2 SPA: Vue :8080 Flask :5000 → Flask-CORS. JWT localStorage XSS se chori ho sakta — v-html user input pe avoid. Password Network tab localhost pe dikhega; prod HTTPS, response mein password echo nahi.
401 unauthenticated, 403 unauthorized, 400 validation. Hash one-way — SHA decrypt nahi hota. Secret key .env, GitHub pe nahi.
Project example: Dev localhost http. Production https:// + cert.
Viva tipProtocols: HTTP/HTTPS app, TCP transport, TLS security, SMTP mail. HTTP/1.1 version — persistent connections.
12

29.stateless

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
13

30.if http is stateless then how it remembers the user

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
14
31.session vs cookie

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleMAD1 mein usually session-based auth: login pe session['user_id'], har request pe verify.
Example
```
session['user_id'] = user.id
uid = session.get('user_id')
user = User.query.get(uid)
```
Viva tipSECRET_KEY set karo warna session insecure. logout pe session.clear().
15
34.@property in models.py

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
16
35.relationship vs foreignkey in model.py

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Example
```
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
17
36.how route send data in get method

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
18
37.what is sqlalchemy

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSQLAlchemy MAD1 ka common ORM. Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper se db.Model, db.session.
Example
```
user = User(email='a@b.com')
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
users = User.query.filter_by(role='admin').all()
```
19

38.what is block content in tempplate inheritance

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
20

39.add one discount price section in trek like if i put price 5000 as admin then it will show 2500 user because admin giving 50% discount

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

Advice: he will ask questions like rapid fire round. just focus on core logic of code understand app.py and models.py properly each and every line. he will switch from db to backend to frontend frequently to test your decision in panic mode and ask questions

See reviews APPDEV1_LEVEL1_VIVA2 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

,demo of the project

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
2

then checked some functionalities related to it

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
3
session, cookies , local storage

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplelocalStorage browser mein key-value string store karta hai — tab band hone pe bhi rehta hai. Token/theme ke liye use.
Example
```
localStorage.setItem('token', jwt)
const t = localStorage.getItem('token')
localStorage.removeItem('token')
```
Viva tipSensitive password mat rakho. XSS se steal ho sakta hai — HttpOnly cookie safer for session.
4
make username clickable and upon clicking it renders the user profile page

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
5
checked where is database craeted (instance folder, asked if we delete it what happens )

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
6
jinja templating , diff between {{ }} and {% %}

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
```
{% for lot in lots %}
  <li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
  <p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
```

Advice: he is really sweet , i got confused in sess , cookies nd local storage , he literally taught me in the middle of viva 🥹🥹

See reviews Level1_134 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Very humble, patient, and friendly. He gives enough time to explain your answers and doesn't rush.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
2

First asked me to run my entire website and explain all the features from the User, Staff, and Admin panels.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
3
Asked me to explain my models.py file.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
4

Asked me to explain the Admin routes and other routes used in the project.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
5

Most practical questions were directly from my own code.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleLive coding: notepad/editor mein chhota Flask route / Jinja loop / model field. Calm raho, run karke dikhao.
6

Asked about:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
7

CRUD operations

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCRUD = Create Read Update Delete. Admin pe ek resource ke 4 ops dikhao.
8
Primary and Foreign Keys

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleForeign key dusri table ke PK ko point karti hai — relationship banati hai.
Example
```
lot_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('lot.id'), nullable=False)
```
9
backref

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.
Example
```
# backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
```
10
Why the User model is used

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
11
render_template

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplerender_template Jinja HTML file ko data deke final HTML banata hai.
Example
```
return render_template('dashboard.html', user=user, lots=lots)
```
12
Purpose of __init__.py

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplerender_template HTML file ko Jinja se process karke browser ko bhejta hai. Backend data ko frontend se jodta hai.
```
return render_template('dashboard.html', user=user, treks=treks)
```
File templates/dashboard.html honi chahiye.
Keyword arguments template mein variables ban jaate hain: {{ user.name }}.
Route kuch return na kare to Flask error. Boolean return typical HTML view ke liye nahi — string/Response chahiye.
13
Asked me to make a small change in the dashboard using a query.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
14

Theory questions included:

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
15
HTTP methods (GET, POST, etc.) and their use cases

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Example
```
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')
```
16
Request-Response model

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
17

JSON

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
18

DOM

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleDOM HTML tree. JS nodes change. Vue Virtual DOM ke through, direct kam.
Manipulation innerHTML vs Vue data. Remove CSS class = rules gone layout may collapse.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Inspect Elements. Vue devtools.
19
AJAX

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleAJAX = page reload ke bina server se baat. Technique ka naam, library nahi.
Purana XMLHttpRequest. Aaj fetch() / Axios. Vue SPA poori AJAX pe chalti hai — JSON aata, v-for render.
AJAX ≠ jQuery. Fetch native API. Axios library interceptors ke saath.
HTTP verbs + status REST ki zabaan. GET read, POST create, PUT replace, PATCH partial, DELETE remove. GET typically no body.
Status: 200 OK, 201 created, 202 accepted (Celery task), 400 bad input, 401 no/bad token, 403 role nahi, 404 missing, 409 conflict (double book), 500 server.
AJAX/fetch page reload nahi. SPA poori isi pe. Postman se bina Vue ke API prove karo — examiner pasand.
Example
```
const res = await fetch('/api/venues')
const data = await res.json()
```
Project example: mounted() mein fetch('/api/venues') — yeh AJAX hai.
Viva tipAJAX technique hai, Fetch modern API hai. Axios library hai uske upar.
20
ORM

Times asked 10
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
21
Partial and full refresh

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
22
Overall, he mainly checks whether you understand your own project and the concepts behind it. If you know your code well and are clear with Flask, SQLAlchemy, database relationships, and basic web development concepts, you should be fine.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Example
```
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```

Advice: He doesn't have a list of questions, he just goes asking. Try to explain everything as far as you know correctly it will be fine. Work on Understanding your work and being able to explain anything confidently

See reviews UNKNOWN MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1
Can someone please send MAD 2 Sheet. PLEASE!

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

See reviews LEVEL3_VIVA25 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

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1

------Mad1--->Level2

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2

- Show id

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
3

- Download project and cover all the features

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
4
- Provide overview of the code

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
5
- Why do you use db.model

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
6
- How have you use relationships .Why

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Example
```
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
7
- Why did u use backref y not backpopulate

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.
Example
```
# backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
```
8
-Move the register button to the top right corner

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
9

- MVC

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
10
-ORM

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
11
-how is validation of user done

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.
Example
```
if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')
```
12

-Client-server architecture vs Distributed server architecture

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleMAD1 typical: Browser → Flask routes → validate/auth → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Jinja response.
Suggested flowRequest → Route → Auth check → DB → render_template / redirect
13
- GET vs POST

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Example
```
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')
```
14

-Git vs VCS

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.
1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect
Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.
Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?
Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

See reviews LEVEL3_VIVA35 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

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1

------Mad1--->Level2

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2

- Show id

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleCamera pe clearly college/IITM ID dikhao — naam aur photo match hone chahiye.
Viva tipPehle se ID haath mein rakho, glare mat aane do. Iske baad GitHub + project run.
3

- Download project and cover all the features

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleExaminer portal wala submitted ZIP chahta hai. Local extra changes mat dikhana.
Suggested flow1) Portal ZIP download
2) Extract
3) venv + pip install -r requirements.txt
4) flask run / python app.py
4
- Provide overview of the code

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
5
- Why do you use db.model

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
6
- How have you use relationships .Why

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simpledb.relationship se object graph: lot.spots, booking.user. backref reverse side auto deta hai.
Example
```
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
7
- Why did u use backref y not backpopulate

Times asked 2
Official solution

Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.
Example
```
# backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
```
8
-Move the register button to the top right corner

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
9

- MVC

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleMVC: Model=data (SQLAlchemy), View=Jinja HTML, Controller=Flask routes/business logic.
Flask loosely MVC follow karta hai — routes controllers, templates views, models.py models.
10
-ORM

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
11
-how is validation of user done

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleValidation = input rules: required, email format, length, unique. Frontend UX, backend security — dono.
Example
```
if not email or '@' not in email:
    flash('Invalid email')
    return redirect(request.url)
if User.query.filter_by(email=email).first():
    flash('Email taken')
```
12

-Client-server architecture vs Distributed server architecture

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleMAD1 typical: Browser → Flask routes → validate/auth → SQLAlchemy → SQLite → Jinja response.
Suggested flowRequest → Route → Auth check → DB → render_template / redirect
13
- GET vs POST

Times asked 2
Official solution

SimpleGET data read/show karta hai (idempotent). POST create/submit karta hai (form).
Example
```
@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # validate + session
        ...
    return render_template('login.html')
```
14

-Git vs VCS

Times asked 2

Official solution

SimpleUngli rakhe to 4-line formula — panic ki jagah structure.
1) File ka role: model / Flask route / Vue SFC / celery task / config
2) Input kahan: JSON, params, token, props, $route
3) Kya kaam: query, cache, validation, .delay()
4) Output: jsonify, this.items, email, redirect
Unknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Bluff mat.
Suggested flow1) Kaunsi layer?
2) Input?
3) DB/cache/task?
4) Response/UI?
Project example: Booking POST: jwt, seats check, commit, 201, Vue list push.
Viva tipUnknown keyword: import, decorator, if, commit — har ka reason. Panic mat.

Advice: Just know your code very well Practice every question available in the sheet

See reviews Level3_47 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

Copy set link

1

2.Explain the folder structure

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
2

3.Demonstrate the entire app (I explained it for 20 min )

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
3
6.Add a new attribute called EMERGENCY CONTACT to the entire system and show it on the forntend (added a new attribute in models.py then added the changes in registration to accept the value and displayed in admin manage users page as new column of emergency contact)(he asks this same question so practice it )

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
4
7.Change the color of the registration button/login button

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.
5
10. what is template inheritance

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBase template pe navbar/footer, child pages {% extends %} + {% block %} se content bharte hain. DRY.
Example
```
{# base.html #}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}

{# home.html #}
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
  <h1>Home</h1>
{% endblock %}
```
6

11.Explain {{ }}and {% %}

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.

Advice: Very Nice and chill proctor did not interrupted ,gave time to solve the coding question . he asks the same questions from the sheets ,so if you have the same proctor just practice the sheet questions you will easily clear it . very nice overall also suggested me to improve my communication skills ,i was stopping in between that's why maybe.

Viva Prep

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