Search – Lazy IITians Viva Prep

See reviews Level1_11 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Full demo of my project

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
2

after demo she randomly asked me to explain a route completely and she asked few question regarding the route

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
3

after she asked me changed the port

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: she is very cool and calm... nothing to worry

See reviews Level2 Viva Proctor 785 MAD1 Level 2

Aug 16, 2026

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1

⁠Download Code

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
2
⁠Run the app and show all of the features.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplevenv activate → dependencies → DB create/migrate → flask run. Browser pe localhost dikhao.
Example
```
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
flask run
```
3

⁠Then in between I kept giving theory knowledge of whatever I knew.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
4

⁠Made me open each of the files and asked to explain the folder structure

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
5
⁠Then asked to explain models.py file, app.py, routes.py

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
6

⁠He randomly picked any line of code and asked me to explain it. I was able to explain everything since I was thorough with my code. Will suggest you to be as well.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
7

⁠Code changes: Make a new button in the trekkers page that deletes the trek when clicked.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

Advice: Chillest person ever met on viva✨ Went really good. He was very patient and helpful. Lasted for about 35 mins only since I was able to answer theory questions quickly. It was kind of rapid fire.🔥

See reviews Proctor 784 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Asked me to explain the application and register as staff first, then log in as admin and approve the staff, create the trek, and assign it to the staff. Then log in as a user and book the trek.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
2
Do you know any protocols?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
3
what is the use of {{}},{%%},{##} Code-

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.

Advice: Be confident while answering and have some knowledge of how the internet interacts with the system.

See reviews Level2_141 MAD1 Level 2

Aug 16, 2026

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1

First asked me to do checksum or download

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleExaminer wohi ZIP chahta hai jo tumne submit kiya, local extra magic nahi.
Portal download → extract → redis, venv, pip, npm, flask, worker, beat.
Checksum maange to hash. Uncommitted files mat dikhana.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) ZIP
2) Extract
3) Redis + venv + pip
4) npm/vite
5) flask + celery worker + beat
Project example: Submitted zip run. README commands copy.
Viva tipChecksum maange to hash match karke dikhao. Extra uncommitted files mat dikhana.
2

Then run the web, he checked if the core requirements are done. He asked to show them in the web like admin can blacklist, create and update treks etc

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleBlacklist/block: user.status='blocked' check login/booking pe. Temporary flag vs hard delete permanent.
3
Then he asked to explain about MVC, ORM and diff btw authentication and authorisation

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleORM = Object Relational Mapping. Tables → Python classes. Raw SQL kam likhte ho.
Example
```
class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)

User.query.get(5)  # SELECT ... WHERE id=5
```
4
Asked to open notepad and write a route for registering.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.
Example
```
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
```

Advice: Most of the questions are repeated, before u give your viva, make sure u go through all the viva questions given by our peers in this sheet. Just chill, know your code, theory and be able to write a code. Ciao!

See reviews PROCTOR801@STUDY.IITM.AC.IN MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

LEVEL 1 viva :

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2

- Checksum was checked first, since that check failed I was told to download the application again and check the checksum again.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleExaminer wohi ZIP chahta hai jo tumne submit kiya, local extra magic nahi.
Portal download → extract → redis, venv, pip, npm, flask, worker, beat.
Checksum maange to hash. Uncommitted files mat dikhana.
Examiner 2 cheezein: simple desi line + tumhare project ki exact file.
Pehle ID, GitHub, portal ZIP. Phir run: Redis + Flask + worker + beat + Vue. Feature demo: login, RBAC, cache hit/miss, Celery mail, search.
Line pe ungli: input kahan, kaunsa check, query/cache/task, JSON/UI. Copilot band. Jo nahi kiya honestly bolo + kaise add karte.
Suggested flow1) ZIP
2) Extract
3) Redis + venv + pip
4) npm/vite
5) flask + celery worker + beat
Project example: Submitted zip run. README commands copy.
Viva tipChecksum maange to hash match karke dikhao. Extra uncommitted files mat dikhana.
3

- Told me to show functionalities of the app one by one, went through almost every function of my app. I had to demonstrate all of them.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
4
- Then I was asked to show where my models,views and controllers were at.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
5
- I was asked to show models and this is where i was asked theory questions :

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
6
where he asked me to explain what is back_populates and how does it differ from backref ? what is cascade all-delete ?

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.
Example
```
# backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
```
7
what is authorization vs authentication ?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).
Example
```
# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
```
8
- I was given two tasks to do :

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
9

first was to open notepad and make a route that sums two numbers passed to it in the url.

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
10
second was to change the background color of my table headers to green.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive UI change: relevant CSS/HTML template kholo — color, margin, flex, bootstrap class. Save + hard refresh.
Example
```
/* button red */
.btn-primary { background: red; }

/* center navbar item */
.navbar { justify-content: center; }
```
Viva tipDevTools se pehle try, phir file mein permanent change.

Advice: be aware of what your code does , what parameters in your model code do what, and have some basic theory knowledge

See reviews PROCTOR785@STUDY.IITM.AC.IN MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1

LEVEL 2 Viva :

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleLevel = viva difficulty band. Level 1 usually demo + basics; higher pe live coding + deeper theory.
Viva tipJo level assign hai uske hisaab se demo + theory ready rakho.
2
- First I was asked to run the app and present it.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplevenv activate → dependencies → DB create/migrate → flask run. Browser pe localhost dikhao.
Example
```
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
flask run
```
3
- He then asked about the folder structure :

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
4
what is your folder structure like? How many controllers do you have ?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
5
I was then asked to explain my models. He asked me what does this cascade, all-delete mean.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleCascade parent delete pe children pe kya ho: delete-orphan related rows hata deta hai.
Example
```
db.relationship('Spot', cascade='all, delete-orphan')
```
Viva tipParking lot delete → uske spots/bookings policy clear bolo.
6
- I was then asked to show my routes, we started with authentication routes like login, registration routes. He asked to explain what was happening in these routes.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleAuthentication: tu kaun hai? (login). Authorization: tujhe permission hai? (role check).
Example
```
# auth
if check_password_hash(user.password, pwd):
    session['user_id'] = user.id

# authz
if user.role != 'admin':
    abort(403)
```
7
- Continuing with routes he asked me the difference between redirect and render_template.

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplerender_template Jinja HTML file ko data deke final HTML banata hai.
Example
```
return render_template('dashboard.html', user=user, lots=lots)
```
8
- next he asked if I had used template inheritance, I hadn't so we moved on, he asked where did I use jinja2 and show an example in my templates. He asked what was the purpose of this jinja2 code I had written and explain it.

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBase template pe navbar/footer, child pages {% extends %} + {% block %} se content bharte hain. DRY.
Example
```
{# base.html #}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}

{# home.html #}
{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block content %}
  <h1>Home</h1>
{% endblock %}
```
9

- next I was asked some theory :

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
10
what are the advantages and disadvantages of flask_sqlalchemy ORM?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleSQLAlchemy MAD1 ka common ORM. Flask-SQLAlchemy wrapper se db.Model, db.session.
Example
```
user = User(email='a@b.com')
db.session.add(user)
db.session.commit()
users = User.query.filter_by(role='admin').all()
```
11

what is horizontal scaling ? and what is vertical scaling?

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleVertical badi machine. Horizontal aur boxes + load balancer. JWT stateless horizontal friendly.
10k users: Postgres, Redis, gunicorn, CDN, pagination, indexes.
Millions: replicas, queue partition, more workers.
Pehle 1-line definition, phir related MAD2 layer (Vue SFC / Flask route / models.py / tasks.py / Redis).
4-line formula: input kahan se aaya, auth/validation kaunsa, DB ya cache ya Celery, kya return.
Related mix mat karo — cache ≠ Celery, authentication ≠ authorization, v-if ≠ v-show, Beat ≠ Worker. Follow-up ke liye ek difference ready rakho.
Project example: Course app vertical enough. Design answer scale-out.
12
what does time complexity mean?

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleTime complexity input size ke saath time kaise badhta hai.
O(1): dict lookup. O(n): list mein loop. O(n^2): nested loops.
Example
```
User.query.all() phir Python mein filter = O(n). DB pe indexed WHERE tez.
```
Search suggestions: prefix index / ILIKE, nai to har keypress pe poori table mat ghumao.
13

( I cant remember more theory questions, unfortunately.)

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleTheory = concepts: ORM, MVC, auth vs authz, Jinja inheritance, sessions. 1-line def + project example.
14

the task :

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
15

Make a route for admin_delete_trek_staff

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.

Advice: Be thorough with your own code, have some knowledge of the theory. Be prepared to be told to write a new route.

See reviews Level1_128 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1
- Run the app

Times asked 3
Official solution

Simplevenv activate → dependencies → DB create/migrate → flask run. Browser pe localhost dikhao.
Example
```
python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
flask run
```
2
- Write flask route for names starting with letter "a"

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleLive Flask coding: chhota route likho, save, browser/curl se test. Syntax error terminal mein padho.
Example
```
@app.route('/ping')
def ping():
    return jsonify(ok=True)

@app.route('/even/<int:n>')
def even(n):
    return 'even' if n % 2 == 0 else 'odd'
```
3
- Write html for taking email and password as input

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
4

- CSS vs Bootstrap difference and definition

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleBootstrap CSS framework — grid, navbar, buttons jaldi. CDN ya downloaded files.
5
- What are Git Versions

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
6
- Asked to show model.py and explain what is db.model

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```

Advice: My viva was the last slot, he was quite bored and uninterested in giving instructions. It took 20 minutes. He is asking basic questions in code, and to write basic syntax of html and jinja. Be prepared with simple and to the point answers. The proctor is chill and gives you time to think about your answer. If you do not know - say so he will clarify or ask another question. All the best!

See reviews LEVEL1_VIVA35 MAD1 Level 1

Aug 16, 2026

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1
•asked to go through your routes in code and asked why did you use blueprint

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleBlueprint se app ko modules mein todte ho — auth, admin, user alag files. Scale + clean structure.
Example
```
auth_bp = Blueprint('auth', __name__, url_prefix='/auth')

@auth_bp.route('/login')
def login(): ...

app.register_blueprint(auth_bp)
```
Viva tipViva: 'kyun blueprint?' → separation of concerns, badi app maintainable.
2

•@admin_bp.route('/approve_staff/<int:user_id>') asked to explain this from my code

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
3

•asked me to open notepad and implement a login route

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
4

told youre done with your viva and can leave

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
5

whole thing lasted for 15 minutes

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: She is calm and doesnt interrpupt, good to have her

See reviews Level3_47 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

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1

Viva ends in 28 min

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
2
First show me the db diagram and tell me about the models.py in your app and all constraints

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplemodels.py = har table ki class: columns, PK/FK, relationships. Yeh Model layer hai.
Suggested flow1) Classes list karo
2) Har table ka kaam 1 line
3) Relationships (1-M / M-M)
4) Constraints (unique, nullable)
Example
```
class Lot(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(80), nullable=False)
    spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot', lazy=True)
```
3

Explain the entire controller how it works from one to different routes

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
4

In user registration page add an extra attribute "phone" to the entire frontend and backend system. (Without deleting existing data and all the existing row contains Null values is phone attributes)

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.

Advice: Viva ends in 28 min The proctor was very nice. My experience was: "You have to prepare for explaining every line of your code."

See reviews Level3_45 MAD1 Level 3

Aug 16, 2026

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1

5 Ask to do changes in the user dashboard in the username she asked me to do username as a clickable link

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
2
7 What is overflow in the css

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimplePehle 1-line definition, phir apne MAD1 project mein file dikhao, phir chhota example.
Suggested flow1) Concept kya hai?
2) Mere code mein kahan?
3) Example / demo
4) Edge case
Example
```
# related file: models.py / routes / template
# formula: request → check/auth → DB → render/redirect
```
Viva tipExact line yaad nahi to honestly related part dikhao. Bluff mat karo.
3
8 Write a piece of code using jinja2 and show the list= ["a", "b", "c"] which shows the output 1a, 2b, 3c

Times asked 1
Official solution

SimpleJinja2 Flask ka template engine — HTML ke andar {{ }} variables, {% %} logic.
Example
```
{% for lot in lots %}
  <li>{{ lot.name }} — {{ lot.spots }}</li>
{% else %}
  <p>No lots</p>
{% endfor %}
```
4

9 Create a route which takes number from the url as an input and returns square of that number

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
5

10 Write a python sql query where you show all the bookings for the logged in user

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleDemo script pehle se practice: 5–7 min, Admin + User roles, saare mandatory features.
Suggested flow1) Register/login user
2) Admin login — CRUD
3) Approval/blacklist
4) Booking/apply + edge case
5) Search
6) Logout
Viva tipBolte-bolte dikhao. Code tab kholna jab poochhein.
6

12 What is render template

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleViva wrap-up hai. Short thanks + confirm submission ZIP latest hai.
7

14 Explain the login and logout route

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleCode explain formula: input kya aaya → auth/validation → DB change → response/UI.
Viva tipFunction signature + 3-4 important lines + edge case.
8

15 Explain book trek route

Times asked 1

Official solution

SimpleProject overview: problem → roles → main entities → key flows (register, book, admin approve).
Viva tip1 minute elevator pitch ready rakho, phir demo.
9
16 What is the use of url_for()

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simpleurl_for endpoint name se URL banata hai — hardcode path mat likho.
Example
```
url_for('auth.login')
url_for('static', filename='css/style.css')
```
10
18 Difference between backref and back-populates

Times asked 1
Official solution

Simplebackref reverse attribute auto banata hai. back_populates dono sides explicitly naam dete ho — clearer.
Example
```
# backref
spots = db.relationship('Spot', backref='lot')
# spot.lot available

# back_populates
spots = db.relationship('Spot', back_populates='lot')
# Spot.lot = db.relationship('Lot', back_populates='spots')
```

Advice: She is very calm and helping proctor she gave the time to think and to write the code mostly she asked the questions which is present in the sheet. Stay calm and confident and know the every line of your code.

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